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Journal Reference: References Cited in NISTIR 6853

References are cited in the compilation by Reference Number (Nbr.). The complete list of references in NISTIR 6853 is given in the following table.

Nbr.	Reference Citation
1	S. Timoshenko, Theory of Elasticity, McGraw-Hill, New York (1934).
2	R. Hooke, De Potentia Restitutiva, London (1678).
3	T. Young, On the Equilibrium and Strength of Elastic Substances, Mathematical Elements of Natural Philosophy, Vol. II of Dr. Young's Lectures , Section IX, p. 46 (1807).
4	C. A. Coulomb, Theoretical and Experimental Researches on the Force of Torsion and on the Elasticity of Metal Wires, Histoire de l'Academie des Sciences, Year 1784 , pp. 229-269 (1787).
5	ASTM, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.
6	G. Pickett, Equations for Computing Elastic Constants from Flexural and Torsional Resonant Frequencies of Vibration of Prisms and Cylinders, American Society for Testing and Materials, Proceedings, Vol. 45, pp. 846-865 (1945).
7	S. Spinner and W. E. Tefft, A Method for Determining Mechanical Resonance Frequencies and for Calculating Elastic Moduli from These Frequencies, American Society for Testing and Materials, Proceedings, Vol. 61, pp. 1221-1238 (1961).
8	G. Roebben, B. Bollen, A. Brebels, J. Van Humbeeck, and O. Van der Biest, Impulse Excitation Apparatus to Measure Resonant Frequencies, Elastic Moduli, and Internal Friction at Room and High Temperature, Reviews of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 68, No. 12, pp. 4511-4515 (1997).
9	J. T. Richards, An Evaluation of Several Static and Dynamic Methods for Determiing Elastic Moduli, ASTM STP No. 129, American Society for Testing Materials, Philadelphia, pp. 71-98 (1952).
10	S. Spinner and R. C. Valore, Jr., Comparison of Theoretical and Empirical Relations Between the Shear Modulus and Torsional Resonance Frequencies for Bars of Rectangular Cross Section, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 459-464 (1958).
11	S. Spinner, T. W. Reichard, and W. E. Tefft, A Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Relations Between Young's Modulus and the Flexural and Longitudinal Resonance Frequencies of Uniform Bars, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Vol. 64A, No. 2, pp. 147-155 (1960).
12	J. S. Smith, M. D. Wyrick, and J. M. Poole, An Evaluation of Three Techniques for Determining the Young's Modulus of Mechanically Alloyed Materials, ASTM STP 1045, edited by A. Wolfenden, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp. 195-207 (1990).
13	A. Wolfenden, M. R. Harmouche, G. V. Blessing, Y. T. Chen, P. Terranova, V. Dayal, V. K. Kinra, J. W. Lemmens, R. R. Phillips, J. S. Smith, P. Mahmoodi, and R. J. Wann, Dynamic Young's Modulus Measurements in Metallic Materials: Results of an Interlaboratory Testing Program, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 2-13 (1989).
14	R. W. Dickson and J. B. Wachtman, Jr., An Alumina Standard Reference Material for Resonance Frequency and Dynamic Elastic Moduli Measurement, I. For Use at 25 °C, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Vol. 75A, No. 3, pp. 155-162 (1971).
15	R. W. Rice, Porosity of Ceramics, Marcel Dekker, New York (1998).
16	S. M. Lang, Properties of High-Temperature Ceramics and Cermets, Elasticity and Density at Room Temperature, Monograph 6, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. (1960).
17	O. L. Anderson, Determination and Some Uses of Isotropic Elastic Constants of Polycrystalline Aggregates Using Single-Crystal Data, Physical Acoustics, Vol. 3B, pp. 43-95 (1965).
18	O. L. Anderson, E. Schreiber, and R. C. Liebermann, Some Elastic Constant Data on Minerals Relevant to Geophysics, Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 491-524 (1968).
19	O. L. Anderson, D. Isaak, and H. Oda, High-Temperature Elastic Constant Data on Minerals Relevant to Geophysics, Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 57-90 (1992).
20	R. W. Rice, Relation of Tensile Strength-Porosity Effects in Ceramics to Porosity Dependence of Young's Modulus and Fracture Energy, Porosity Character and Grain Size, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. A112, pp. 215-224 (1989).
21	R. W. Rice, The Porosity Dependence of Physical Properties of Materials: A Summary Review, Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 115, pp. 1-20 (1995).
22	R. W. Rice, Evaluation and Extension of Physical Property-Porosity Models Based on Minimum Solid Area, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 31, pp. 102-118 (1996).
23	R. G. Munro, Mechanical Properties, Handbook of Superconductivity, edited by C. P. Poole, Academic Press, New York, pp. 570-625 (1999).
24	R. G. Munro and S. W. Freiman, Correlation of Fracture Toughness and Strength, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 2246-2248 (1999).
25	M. Born and K. Huang, Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices, Oxford University, New York (1954).
26	J. B. Wachtman, Jr., W. E. Tefft, D. G. Lam, Jr., and C. S. Apstein, Physical Review, Vol. 122, No. 6, pp. 1754-1759 (1961).
27	O. L. Anderson, Derivation of Wachtman's Equation for the Temperature Dependence of Elastic Moduli of Oxide Compounds, Physical Review, Vol. 144, No. 2, pp. 553-557 (1966).
28	W. Kreher, J. Ranachowski, and F. Rejmund, Ultrasonic Waves in Porous Ceramics With Non-Spherical Holes, Ultrasonics, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 70-74 (1977).
29	E. A. Dean, Elastic Moduli of Porous Sintered Materials as Modeled by a Variable-Aspect-Ratio Self-Consistent Oblate-Spheroidal-Inclusion Theory, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 66, No. 12, pp. 847-854 (1983).
30	N. Ramakrishnan and V. S. Arunachalam, Effective Elastic Moduli of Porous Solids, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 25, pp. 3930-3937 (1990).
31	D. N. Boccaccini and A. R. Boccaccini, Dependence of Ultrasonic Velocity on Porosity and Pore Shape in Sintered Materials, Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 187-192 (1997).
32	A. R. Boccaccini and Z. Fan, A New Approach for the Young's Modulus-Porosity Correlation of Ceramic Materials, Ceramics International, Vol. 23, pp. 239-245 (1997).
33	F. Wang, W. Gou, X. Zheng, and M. Lu, Effective Elastic Moduli of Ceramics with Pores, Journal of Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 14, pp. 286-288 (1998).
34	R. W. Rice, Comparison of Stress Concentration versus Minimum Solid Area Based on Mechanical Property-Porosity Relations, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 28, pp. 2187-2190 (1993).
35	R. W. Rice, Comparison of Physical Property-Porosity Behaviour with Minimum Solid Area Models, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 31, pp. 1509-1528 (1996).
36	A. K. Mukhopadhyay and K. K. Phani, Young's Modulus-Porosity Relations: an Analysis Based on a Minimum Contact Area Model, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 33, pp. 69-72 (1998).
37	A. K. Mukhopadhyay and K. K. Phani, Ultrasonic Velocity-Porosity Relations: An Analysis Based on a Minimum Contact Area Model, Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 18, pp. 1759-1760 (1999).
38	A. K. Mukhopadhyay and K. K. Phani, An Analysis of Microstructural Parameters in the Minimum Contact Area Model for Ultrasonic Velocity-Porosity Relations, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 20, pp. 29-38 (2000).
39	D. G. Bika, M. Gentzler, and J. N. Michaels, Mechanical Properties of Agglomerates, Powder Technology, Vol. 117, pp. 98-112 (2001).
40	A. P. Roberts and E. J. Garboczi, Elastic Properties of Model Porous Ceramics, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 83, No. 12, pp. 3041-3048 (2000).
41	A. P. Roberts and E. J. Garboczi, Elastic Moduli of Model Random Three-Dimensional Closed-Cell Cellular Solids, Acta Materialia, Vol. 49, pp. 189-197 (2001).
42	J. M. Dewey, The Elastic Constants of Materials Loaded with Non-Rigid Fillers, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 18, pp. 578-581 (1947).
43	J. K. Mackenzie, Elastic Constants of a Solid Containing Spherical Holes, Proceedings of the Physical Society, Section B, Vol. 63, pp. 2-11 (1950).
44	R. M. Spriggs and T. Vasilos, Effect of Grain Size and Porosity on the Transverse Bend Strength and Elastic Modulus of Hot Pressed Alumina and Magnesia, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 40, No. 4, pg. 187 (1961).
45	D. P. H. Hasselman, On the Porosity Dependence of the Elastic Moduli of Polycrystalline Refractory Materials, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 45, pp. 452-453 (1962).
46	O. Ishai and L. J. Cohen, Elastic Properties of Filled and Porous Epoxy Composites, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 9, pp. 539-546 (1967).
47	J. C. Wang, Young's Modulus of Porous Materials, Part 1, Theoretical Derivation of Modulus-Porosity Correlation, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 19, pp. 801-808 (1984).
48	K. K. Phani and S. K. Niyogi, Young's Modulus of Porous Brittle Solids, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 22, pp. 257-263 (1987).
49	A. S. Wagh, R. B. Poeppel, and J. P. Singh, Open Pore Description of Mechanical Properties of Ceramics, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 26, pp. 3862-3868 (1991).
50	M. Kupkova, Porosity Dependence of Material Elastic Moduli, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 28, pp. 5265-5268 (1993).
51	A. R. Boccaccini, G. Ondracek, P. Mazilu, and D. Windelberg, On the Effective Young's Modulus of Elasticity for Porous Materials: Microstructure Modelling and Comparison Between Calculated and Experimental Values, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Vol. 4, pp. 119-128 (1993).
52	B. Budiansky, On the Elastic Moduli of Some Heterogeneous Materials, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol. 13, pp. 223-227 (1965).
53	E. A. Dean and J. A. Lopez, Empirical Dependence of Elastic Moduli on Porosity for Ceramic Materials, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 366-370 (1983).
54	K. K. Phani, Young's Modulus- Porosity Relation in Gypsum Systems, American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 65, No. 12, pp. 1584-1586 (1986).
55	K. K. Phani, Elastic-Constant-Porosity Relations for Polycrystalline Thoria, Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 5, pp. 747-750 (1986).
56	K. K. Phani and S. K. Niyogi, Porosity Dependence of Ultrasonic Velocity and Elastic Modulus in Sintered Uranium Dioxide, Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 5, pp. 427-430 (1986).
57	K. K. Phani and S. K. Niyogi, Elastic Modulus-Porosity Relation in Polycrystalline Rare-Earth Oxides, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 70, No. 12, pp. C-362 - C-366 (1987).
58	N. Ramakrishnan and V. S. Arunachalam, Effective Elastic Moduli of Porous Ceramic Materials, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 76, pp. 2745-2752 (1993).
59	L. J. Gibson and M. F. Ashby, The Mechanics of Three-Dimensional Cellular Materials, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Vol. A382, pp. 43-59 (1982).
60	R. G. Munro, Effective Medium Theory of the Porosity Dependence of Bulk Moduli, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 84, No. 5, pp. 1190-1192 (2001).
61	A. Migliori, T. Chen, B. Alavi, and G. Grüner, Ultrasound Anomaly at T_c in YBa₂Cu₃O_y , Solid State Communications, Vol. 63, No. 9, pp. 827-829 (1987).
62	Y. Horie, Y. Terashi, H. Fukuda, T. Fukami, and S. Mase, Ultrasonic Studies of the High T_c Superconductor Y₂Ba₄Cu₆O₁₄ , Solid State Communications, Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 501-504 (1987).
63	G. Cannelli, R. Cantelli, F. Cordero, G. A. Costa, M. Ferretti, and G. L. Olcese, Anelastic Relaxation in the High-T_c Superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x , Physical Review B, Vol. 36, No. 16, pp. 8907-8909 (1987).
64	S. Ewert, S. Guo, P. Lemmens, F. Stellmach, J. Wynants, G. Arlt, D. Bonnenberg, H. Kliem, A. Comberg, and H. Passing, Ultrasonic Investigations on Superconducting YBa₂Cu₃O_7-(delta) Samples of Different Microstructure, Solid State Communications, Vol. 64, No. 8, pp. 1153-1156 (1987).
65	Y. He, B. Zhang, S. Lin, J. Xiang, Y. Lou, and H. Chen, Ultrasonic Investigation of Lattice Instability and Superconductivity in High-T_c Systems, Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics, Vol. 17, pp. L243-L248 (1987).
66	S. Bhattacharya, M. J. Higgins, D. C. Johnston, A. J. Jacobson, J. P. Stokes, D. P. Goshorn, and J. T. Lewandowski, Elastic Anomalies and Phase Transitions in High-T_c Superconductors, Physical Review Letters, Vol. 60, No. 12, pp. 1181-1184 (1988).
67	M. Suzuki, Y. Okuda, I. Iwasa, A. J. Ikushima, T. Takabatake, Y. Nakazawa, and M. Ishikawa, Sound Velocity and Attenuation in YBa₂Cu₃O_y , Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. L308-L310 (1988).
68	M. Saint-Paul, J. L. Tholence, P. Monceau, H. Noel, J. C. Levet, M. Potel, P. Gougeon, and J. J. Capponi, Ultrasound Study of YBa₂Cu₃O_7-(delta) Single Crystals, Solid State Communications, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 641-643 (1988).
69	S. Bhattacharya, M. J. Higgins, D. C. Johnston, A. J. Jacobson, J. P. Stokes, J. T. Lewandowski, and D. P. Goshorn, Anomalous Ultrasound Propagation in High-T_c Superconductors: La_1.8Sr_0.2CuO_4-y and YBa₂Cu₃O_7-(delta), Physical Review B, Vol. 37, No. 10, pp. 5901-5904 (1988).
70	S. Hoen, L. C. Bourne, C. M. Kim, and A. Zettl, Elastic Response of Polycrystalline and Single-Crystal YBa₂Cu₃O₇, Physical Review B, Vol. 38, No. 16, pp. 11949-11951 (1988).
71	X. D. Shi, R. C. Yu, Z. Z. Wang, N. P. Ong, and P. M. Chaikin, Sound Velocity and Attenuation in Single-Crystal YBa₂Cu₃O_7-(delta), Physical Review B, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 827-830 (1989).
72	P. K. Choi, H. Koizumi, K. Takagi, and T. Suzuki, Anomalies of Ultrasonic Velocity in High-T_c Ceramics YBa₂Cu₃O_y and BiSrCaCu₂O_y , Solid State Communications, Vol. 70, No. 12, pp. 1175-1178 (1989).
73	N.N. Ault and H.F.G. Ueltz, Sonic Analysis for Solid Bodies, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 199-203 (1953).
74	R.L. Coble and W.D. Kingery, Effect of Porosity on Physical Properties of Sintered Alumina, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 39, No. 11, pp. 377-385 (1956).
75	J.B. Wachtman,Jr. and D.G. Lam,Jr., Young's Modulus of Various Refractory Materials as a Function of Temperature, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 254-260 (1959).
76	F.P. Knudsen, Effect of Porosity on Young's Modulus of Alumina, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 94-95 (1962).
77	R.M. Spriggs, J.B. Mitchell, and T. Vasilos, Mechanical Properties of Pure, Dense Aluminum Oxide as a Function of Temperature and Grain Size, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 47, No. 7, pp. 323-327 (1964).
78	D.B. Binns and P. Popper, Mechanical Properties of Some Commerical Alumina Ceramics, Proceedings of the British Ceramic Society, Vol. 6, pp. 71-82 (1966).
79	E. Schreiber and O.L. Anderson, Pressure Derivatives of the Sound Velocities of Polycrystalline Alumina, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 49, pp. 184-190 (1966).
80	N. Soga and O.L. Anderson, High-Temperature Elastic Properties of Polycrystalline MgO and Al₂O₃, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 49, No. 7, pp. 355-359 (1966).
81	D.H. Chung and G. Simmons, Pressure and Temperature Dependences of the Isotropic Elastic Moduli of Polycrystalline Alumina, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 39, No. 11, pp. 5316-5326 (1968).
82	A. Nagarajan, Ultrasonic Study of Elasticity-Porosity Relationship in Polycrystalline Alumina, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 42, No. 10, pp. 3693-3696 (1971).
83	J.C. Wang, Young's Modulus of Porous Materials, Part 2, Young's Modulus of Porous Alumina with Changing Pore Structure, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 19, pp. 809-814 (1984).
84	C.C. Wu and R.W. Rice, Porosity Dependence of Wear and Other Mechanical Properties of Fine-Grain Al₂O₃ and B₄C, Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Vol. 6, pp. 977-993 (1985).
85	H. Hagiwara and D.J. Green, Elastic Behavior of Open-Cell Alumina, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 70, No. 11, pp. 811-815 (1987).
86	T. Goto and O.L. Anderson, Elastic Constants of Corundum up to 1825 K, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, No. B6, pp. 7588-7602 (1989).
87	D.J. Green, C. Nader, and R. Brezny, The Elastic Behavior of Partially-Sintered Alumina, Ceramic Transactions, Vol. 7, pp. 345-356 (1990).
88	J. Kubler, Weibull Characterization of Four Hipped/Posthipped Engineering Ceramics Between Room Temperature and 1500 °C, Report Number: EMPA-Nr. 129'747, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, pp. 1-88 (1992).
89	D.C. Lam, F.F. Lange, and A.G. Evans, Mechanical Properties of Partially Dense Alumina Produced from Powder Compacts, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 77, No. 8, pp. 2113-2117 (1994).
90	J. Piekarczyk, J. Lis, and J. Bialoskorski, Elastic Properties, Hardness and Indentation Fracture Toughness of (beta)-Sialons, Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 89, pp. 541-546 (1994).
91	K. S. Tan, P. Hing, and P. Ramalingam, The Elastic Moduli and Diametrical Compressive Fracture Stress of Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ Ceramics, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 30, pp. 1029-1037 (1997).
92	A. Wolfenden, Measurement and Analysis of Elastic and Anelastic Properties of Alumina and Silicon Carbide, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 32, pp. 2275-2282 (1997).
93	B.D. Flinn, R.K. Borida, A. Zimmermann, and J. Rodel, Evolution of Defect Size and Strength of Porous Alumina During Sintering, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 20, pp. 2561-2568 (2000).
94	D. Dierickx, I. Houben, J. Lapin, F. Delannay, O. Van Der Biest, Dense Polycrystalline BaZrO₃ Substrates for YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x Melt Processing, Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 15, pp. 1573-1576 (1996).
95	K.C. Goretta, E.T. Park, R.E. Koritala, M.M. Cuber, E.A. Pascual, N. Chen, A.R. de Arellano-Lopez, and J.L. Routbort, Thermomechanical Response of Polycrystalline BaZrO₃, Physica C, Vol. 309, pp. 245-250 (1998).
96	B. A. Chandler, E. C. Duderstadt, and J. F. White, Fabrication and Properties of Extruded and Sintered BeO, Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 329-347 (1963).
97	R.E. Fryxell and B.A. Chandler, Creep, Strength, Expansion, and Elastic Moduli of Sintered BeO as a Function of Grain Size, Porosity, and Grain Orientation, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 283-291 (1964).
98	Y. He, J. Xiang, S. Jin, A. He, and J. Zhang, Ultrasonic Investigation of the Layered Perovskite Ceramic Superconducting Systems, Physica B, Vol. 165&166, pp. 1283-1284 (1990).
99	R. R. Reddy, M. Muralidhar, V. H. Babu, and P. V. Reddy, The Relationship Between the Porosity and Elastic Moduli of the Bi-Pb-2212 High-T_c Superconductor, Superconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 8, pp. 101-107 (1995).
100	M. Muralidhar, K.N. Kishore, Y. V. Ramana, and V. H. Babu, Elastic and Plastic Behaviour of Lead and Silver Doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors, Materials Science and Engineering B, Vol. 13, pp. 215-219 (1992).
101	S. Satyavathi, M. Muralidhar, V. H. Babu, R. R. Reddy, and P. V. Reddy, Elastic Behaviour of Bi-Pb-Ag-Ca₂CuO₃ Superconducting Composite Materials, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 209, pp. 329-335 (1994).
102	R .J. Topare, K. Ganesh, N. K. Sahuji, S. S. Shah, and P. V. Reddy, Elastic Anomalies in Bi-Pb-2223/Ag Superconducting Composite Materials, Physica C, Vol. 253, pp. 89-96 (1995).
103	O. O. Oduleye, S. J. Penn, and N. McN. Alford, The Mechanical Properties of (Bi-Pb)SrCaCuO, Superconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 858-865 (1998).
104	W. R. Manning, M. O. Marlowe, and D. R. Wilder, Temperature and Porosity Dependence of Young's Modulus of Polycrystalline Dysprosium Oxide and Erbium Oxide, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 227-228 (1966).
105	W. R. Manning, O. Hunter, Jr., and B. R. Powell, Jr., Elastic Properties of Polycrystalline Yttrium Oxide, Dysprosium Oxide, Holmium Oxide, and Erbium Oxide: Room Temperature Measurements, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 52, No. 8, pp. 436-442 (1969).
106	W. R. Manning and O. Hunter, Jr., Elastic Properties of Polycrystalline Yttrium Oxide, Holmium Oxide, and Erbium Oxide: High-Temperature Measurements, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 52, No. 9, pp. 492-496 (1969).
107	A. A. Sharif, F. Chu, A. Mirsa, T. E. Mitchell, and J. J. Petrovic, Elastic Constants of Erbia Single Crystals, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 83, No. 9, pp. 2246-2250 (2000).
108	J. A. Haglund and O. Hunter,Jr., Elastic Properties of Polycrystalline Monoclinic Gd₂O₃, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 56, No. 6, pp. 327-330 (1973).
109	S. L. Dole, O. Hunter,Jr., and C. J. Wooge, Elastic Properties of Monoclinic Hafnium Oxide at Room Temperature, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 60, No. 11, pp. 488-490 (1977).
110	R. W. Scheidecker, O. Hunter,Jr., and F. W. Calderwood, Elastic Properties of Partially-Stabilized HfO₂ Compositions, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 14, pp. 2284-2288 (1979).
111	S. L. Dole, O. Hunter, Jr., and F. W. Calderwood, Elastic Properties of Stabilized HfO₂ Compositions, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 136-139 (1980).
112	S. L. Dole and O. Hunter, Jr., Elastic Properties of Hafnium and Zirconium Oxides Stabilized with Praseodymium or Terbium Oxide, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. C-47-C-49 (1983).
113	G. W. Crabtree, J. W. Downey, B. K. Flandermeyer, J. D. Jorgensen, T. E. Klippert, D. S. Kupperman, W. K. Kwok, D. J. Lam, A. W. Mitchell, A. G. McKale, M. V. Nevitt, L. J. Nowicki, A. P. Paulikas, R. B. Poeppel, S. J. Rothman, J. L. Roubort, J. P. Singh, C. H. Sowers, A. Umezawa, B. W. Veal, and J. E. Baker, Fabrication, Mechanical Properties, Heat Capacity, Oxygen Diffusion, and the Effect of Alkali Earth Ion Substitution on High T_c Superconductors, Advanced Ceramic Materials, Vol. 2, No. 3B, pp. 444-456 (1987).
114	A. J. Zaleski and J. Klamut, Penetration Depth in Magnetically Oriented, Ceramic, Ni- and Zn-doped La_2-xSr_xCuO₄, Physica C, Vol. 282, pp. 1463-1464 (1997).
115	W. R. Manning and O. Hunter, Jr., Elastic Properties of Polycrystalline Thulium Oxide and Lutetium Oxide from 20 °C to 1000 °C, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 279-280 (1970).
116	O. Hunter, Jr. and G. E. Graddy, Jr., Porosity Dependence of Elastic Properties of Polycrystalline Cubic Lu₂O₃, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 82-82 (1976).
117	D. F. Porter, J. S. Reed, and D. Lewis, Elastic Moduli of Refractory Spinels, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 60, No. 7, pp. 345-349 (1977).
118	R. L. Stewart and R. C. Bradt, Fracture of Polycrystalline MgAl₂O₄, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 63, No. 11, pp. 619-623 (1980).
119	A. Ghosh, K. W. White, M. G. Jenkins, A. S. Kobayashi, and R. C. Bradt, Fracture Resistance of a Transparent Magnesium Aluminate Spinel, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 74, No. 7, pp. 1624-1630 (1991).
120	K. W. White and G. P. Kelkar, Fracture Mechanisms of a Coarse-Grained, Transparent MgAl₂O₄ at Elevated Temperatures, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 75, No. 12, pp. 3440-3444 (1992).
121	C. Baudin, R. Martinez, and P. Pena, High-Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Stoichiometric Magnesium Spinel, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 78, No. 7, pp. 1857-1862 (1995).
122	K. R. Janowski and R. C. Rossi, Elastic Behavior of MgO Matrix Composites, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 50, No. 11, pp. 599-603 (1967).
123	N. Soga and E. Schreiber, Porosity Dependence of Sound Velocity and Poisson's Ratio for Polycrystalline MgO Determined by Resonant Sphere Method, Vol. 51, No. 8, pp. 465-466 (1968).
124	Y. Sumino, O. L. Anderson, and I. Suzuki, Temperature Coefficients of Elastic Constants of Single Crystal MgO between 80 K and 1300 K, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 9, pp. 38-47 (1983).
125	D. G. Isaak, O. L. Anderson, and T. Goto, Measured Elastic Moduli of Single-Crystal MgO up to 1800 K, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 16, pp. 704-713 (1989).
126	R. A. Penty, D.P.H. Hasselman, and R. M. Spriggs, Young's Modulus of High-Density Polycrystalline Mullite, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 169-170 (1972).
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163	P. V. Reddy, R. R. Reddy, K. B. Reddy, and V. N. Mulay, Ulrasonic Anomalies in Y-Ba-Cu-O High-T_c Superconducting Materials, Modern Physics Letters B, Vol. 7, No. 22, pp. 1457-1465 (1993).
164	M. Cankurtaran, G. A. Saunders, and K. C. Goretta, Ultrasonic Study of the Temperature and Pressure Dependences of the Elastic Properties of Fully Oxygenated YBa₂Cu₃O_6.94, Superconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 7, pp. 4-9 (1994).
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167	Z. Zhong, Y. Qianjin, T. Xinlu, Z. Lizhong, W. Qimin, and Z. Peiqiang, The Dynamical Mechanical Properties of YBCO Superconductor, Experimental Techniques, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 25-27 (1994).
168	R. R. Reddy, O. M. Prakash, and R. V. Reddy, The Effect of Porosity on Elastic Moduli of YBa₂Cu₃O_7-(delta) High T_c Superconductors, Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 215-222 (1995).
169	Q. Wang, G. A. Saunders, D. P. Almond, M. Cankurtaran, and K. C. Goretta, Elastic and Nonlinear Acoustic Properties of YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x Ceramics with Different Oxygen Contents, Physical Review B, Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 3711-3726 (1995).
170	L. Masi, E. Borchi, and S. de Gennaro, Porosity Behaviour of Ultrasonic Velocities in Polycrystalline Y-B-C-O, Journal of Physics F: Applied Physics, Vol. 29, pp. 2015-2019 (1996).
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176	W. R. Manning and O. Hunter, Jr., Porosity Dependence of Young's and Shear Moduli of Polycrystalline Yttrium Oxide, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 51, No. 9, pp. 537-538 (1968).
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179	R. W. Dickson and R. C. Anderson, Temperature Dependence of the Elastic Moduli of 91Y₂O₃ + 9ThO₂ from 25° to 1100°C, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 233-234 (1968).
180	C. E. Holcombe, T. T. Meek, and N. L. Dykes, Unusual Properties of Microwave-Sintered Yttria-2wt% Zirconia, Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 7, pp. 881-884 (1988).
181	B. R. Powell, Jr., O. Hunter, Jr., and W. R. Manning, Elastic Properties of Polycrystalline Ytterbium Oxide, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 54, No. 10, pp. 488-490 (1971).
182	L. P. Martin, D. Dadon, and M. Rosen, Evaluation of Ultrasonically Determined Elasticity-Porosity Relations in Zinc Oxide, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 79, No. 5, pp. 1281-1289 (1996).
183	A. K. Mukhopadhyay, M. R. Chaudhuri, A. Seal, S. K. Dalui, M. Banerjee, and K. K. Phani, Mechanical Characterization of Microwave Sintered Zinc Oxide, Bulletin of Materials Science, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 125-128 (2001).
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Elastic Moduli Data for Polycrystalline Ceramics

NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) 6853

Database Reference: NIST Structural Ceramics Database, SRD Database Number 30

Journal Reference:

Elastic Moduli Data for Polycrystalline Ceramics, R. G. Munro, NISTIR 6853, (2002),
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899.

Other materials: Elastic Moduli Data

Other materials Properties: Property Data Summaries

SiO₂ { silicon dioxide, silica, fused silica, fused quartz, vitreous silica }

Key to the Symbols: T = temperature, d = density, p = volume fraction of porosity, *V_L* = longitudinal sound velocity,
*V_S* = shear sound velocity, E = elastic modulus, G = shear modulus, B = bulk modulus, nu = Poisson's ratio.
Ref. Nbr.	Exhibit Type	Exhibit Number	Value Type	Measurement Method	T [°C]	d [g/cm³]	V_L [km/s]	V_S [km/s]	E [GPa]	G [GPa]	B [GPa]	nu	Table Notes
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-196		5.832
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-181		5.838
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-171		5.841
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-158		5.846
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-150		5.85
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-124		5.865
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-112		5.872
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-94		5.887
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-84		5.897
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-73		5.904
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-79		5.898
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-62		5.909
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-50		5.917
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-34		5.928
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-21		5.937
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	-4		5.949
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	8		5.96
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	24	2.203	5.968
135	Graph	27	x	sonic velocity	26		5.97
135	Graph	28	x	sonic velocity	-197			3.7123
135	Graph	28	x	sonic velocity	-177			3.7135
135	Graph	28	x	sonic velocity	-162			3.7159
135	Graph	28	x	sonic velocity	-157			3.7163
135	Graph	28	x	sonic velocity	-135			3.7209
135	Graph	28	x	sonic velocity	-120			3.724
135	Graph	28	x	sonic velocity	-99			3.731
135	Graph	28	x	sonic velocity	-80			3.7364
135	Graph	28	x	sonic velocity	-195			3.7123
135	Graph	28	x	sonic velocity	-76			3.7356
135	Graph	28	x	sonic velocity	-76			3.7368
135	Graph	28	x	sonic velocity	-44			3.7453
135	Graph	28	x	sonic velocity	1			3.7573
135	Graph	28	x	sonic velocity	30	2.203		3.766
135	Graph	29	s	sonic velocity	-200				70.37
135	Graph	29	s	sonic velocity	-175				70.52
135	Graph	29	s	sonic velocity	-150				70.75
135	Graph	29	s	sonic velocity	-125				71.03
135	Graph	29	s	sonic velocity	-100				71.34
135	Graph	29	s	sonic velocity	-75				71.67
135	Graph	29	s	sonic velocity	-50				72
135	Graph	29	s	sonic velocity	-25				72.35
135	Graph	29	s	sonic velocity	0				72.7
135	Graph	29	s	sonic velocity	25	2.203			73.06
135	Graph	29	s	sonic velocity	50				73.43
135	Graph	30	s	sonic velocity	-200					30.34
135	Graph	30	s	sonic velocity	-175					30.39
135	Graph	30	s	sonic velocity	-150					30.46
135	Graph	30	s	sonic velocity	-125					30.55
135	Graph	30	s	sonic velocity	-100					30.65
135	Graph	30	s	sonic velocity	-75					30.75
135	Graph	30	s	sonic velocity	-50					30.87
135	Graph	30	s	sonic velocity	-25					30.98
135	Graph	30	s	sonic velocity	0					31.1
135	Graph	30	s	sonic velocity	25	2.203				31.23
135	Graph	30	s	sonic velocity	50					31.35

136	Table	I	x	sonic resonance	23	2.202			72.94	31.39		0.162
136	Table	I	x	sonic resonance	23	2.201			72.9	31.38		0.162
136	Table	I	x	sonic resonance	23	2.2			73.07	31.35		0.165

137	Graph	9	x	sonic resonance	23	2.2			72.9	31.4		0.165
137	Graph	9	x	sonic resonance	100				73.7	31.7		0.17
137	Graph	9	x	sonic resonance	200				74.7	31.9		0.175
137	Graph	9	x	sonic resonance	300				75.8	32.2		0.179
137	Graph	9	x	sonic resonance	400				76.9	32.6		0.183
137	Graph	9	x	sonic resonance	500				77.5	32.9		0.185
137	Graph	9	x	sonic resonance	600					33.1		0.189
137	Graph	9	x	sonic resonance	700				79.9	33.3		0.193
137	Graph	9	x	sonic resonance	800				80.7	33.6		0.197
137	Graph	9	x	sonic resonance	900				81.6	34		0.199

138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	22		5.968
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	25	2.203	5.97
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	32		5.974
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	51		5.988
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	70		6
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	94		6.013
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	99		6.019
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	116		6.027
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	121		6.031
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	130		6.037
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	162		6.054
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	176		6.062
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	176		6.062
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	198		6.072
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	222		6.09
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	246		6.099
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	198		6.07
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	239		6.097
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	263		6.109
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	273		6.113
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	283		6.119
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	309		6.133
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	317		6.135
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	329		6.141
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	336		6.145
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	348		6.149
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	355		6.154
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	365		6.156
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	367		6.162
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	384		6.168
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	392		6.168
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	391		6.17
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	394		6.176
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	411		6.18
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	416		6.184
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	423		6.184
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	420		6.186
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	428		6.188
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	433		6.19
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	437		6.19
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	442		6.192
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	447		6.19
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	462		6.196
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	459		6.2
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	467		6.2
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	466		6.204
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	466		6.207
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	474		6.209
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	479		6.208
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	486		6.211
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	496		6.217
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	498		6.217
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	135		6.039
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	157		6.052
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	191		6.07
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	225		6.089
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	244		6.094
138	Graph	2	x	sonic velocity	250		6.104
138	Graph	9	x	sonic velocity	25			3.76
138	Graph	9	x	sonic velocity	34			3.762
138	Graph	9	x	sonic velocity	46			3.765
138	Graph	9	x	sonic velocity	54			3.769
138	Graph	9	x	sonic velocity	66			3.772
138	Graph	9	x	sonic velocity	77			3.774
138	Graph	9	x	sonic velocity	82			3.776
138	Graph	9	x	sonic velocity	126			3.787
138	Graph	9	x	sonic velocity	167			3.797
138	Graph	9	x	sonic velocity	212			3.808
138	Graph	9	x	sonic velocity	218			3.809
138	Graph	9	x	sonic velocity	225			3.81
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	25	2.203	5.971	3.76	72.97	31.14	37.02	0.171
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	50		5.987	3.767	73.29	31.26	37.28	0.172
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	75		6.002	3.774	73.61	31.38	37.53	0.173
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	100		6.017	3.781	73.93	31.49	37.79	0.174
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	125		6.032	3.787	74.23	31.59	38.04	0.175
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	150		6.047	3.793	74.53	31.7	38.29	0.176
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	175		6.061	3.799	74.81	31.8	38.53	0.176
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	200		6.075	3.805	75.09	31.89	38.78	0.177
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	225		6.089	3.81	75.36	31.99	39.02	0.178
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	250		6.102	3.816	75.63	32.07	39.26	0.179
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	275		6.115	3.821	75.88	32.16	39.49	0.18
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	300		6.127	3.825	76.12	32.24	39.73	0.181
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	325		6.14	3.83	76.36	32.31	39.96	0.181
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	350		6.152	3.834	76.59	32.39	40.18	0.182
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	375		6.163	3.838	76.81	32.46	40.41	0.183
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	400		6.175	3.842	77.02	32.52	40.63	0.184
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	425		6.186	3.846	77.22	32.58	40.85	0.185
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	450		6.196	3.849	77.41	32.64	41.06	0.186
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	475		6.207	3.852	77.59	32.69	41.28	0.187
138	Graph	2,9	s	sonic velocity	500		6.217	3.855	77.77	32.74	41.49	0.188

139	Graph	5	x	ultrasonic velocity	25							0.163
139	Graph	5	x	ultrasonic velocity	100							0.16
139	Graph	5	x	ultrasonic velocity	200							0.162
139	Graph	5	x	ultrasonic velocity	300							0.162
139	Graph	5	x	ultrasonic velocity	400							0.162
139	Graph	5	x	ultrasonic velocity	500							0.166
139	Graph	5	x	ultrasonic velocity	600							0.168
139	Graph	5	x	ultrasonic velocity	700							0.17
139	Graph	5	x	ultrasonic velocity	800							0.173
139	Graph	5	x	ultrasonic velocity	900							0.175
139	Graph	5	x	ultrasonic velocity	1000							0.181
139	Graph	5	x	ultrasonic velocity	1050							0.181
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	25				73.4	31.5
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	100					33.1
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	200					31.9
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	300					33.5
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	400					33.5
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	500					33.1
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	550				78.3
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	570				78.3
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	600				78.7	33.9
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	700					33.9
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	720				79.1
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	800				79.1	33.9
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	900					33.9
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	920				79.9
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	930				79.9
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	1000					34.3
139	Graph	7	x	ultrasonic velocity	1050				80.3	33.9

140	Graph	3	x	sonic velocity	300				73.6	31.4	37.4
140	Graph	3	x	sonic velocity	450				75.1	32	38.5
140	Graph	3	x	sonic velocity	600				76.6	32.5	39.9
140	Graph	3	x	sonic velocity	750				77.6	32.8	40.8
140	Graph	3	x	sonic velocity	900				78.6	33.1	41.9
140	Graph	3	x	sonic velocity	1050				79.3	33.3	42.6
140	Graph	3	x	sonic velocity	1200				79.6	33.4	42.8
140	Graph	3	x	sonic velocity	1350				80.3	33.7	43.6
140	Graph	3	x	sonic velocity	1500				80.9	33.8	44.2
140	Graph	3	x	sonic velocity	1650				81.5	34	44.8
140	Graph	4	x	sonic velocity	300							0.172
140	Graph	4	x	sonic velocity	450							0.175
140	Graph	4	x	sonic velocity	600							0.18
140	Graph	4	x	sonic velocity	750							0.183
140	Graph	4	x	sonic velocity	900							0.187
140	Graph	4	x	sonic velocity	1050							0.19
140	Graph	4	x	sonic velocity	1200							0.19
140	Graph	4	x	sonic velocity	1350							0.193
140	Graph	4	x	sonic velocity	1500							0.195
140	Graph	4	x	sonic velocity	1650							0.197

141	Graph		x	sonic velocity	-203		5.78	3.71	70.3	30.6	33.5	0.149
141	Graph		s	sonic velocity	-178		5.8	3.71	70.5	30.6	33.9	0.152
141	Graph		s	sonic velocity	-153		5.81	3.72	70.8	30.7	34.3	0.153
141	Graph		s	sonic velocity	-128		5.83	3.72	71	30.7	34.6	0.156
141	Graph		s	sonic velocity	-103		5.84	3.72	71.2	30.7	35	0.16
141	Graph		s	sonic velocity	-78		5.86	3.72	71.5	30.8	35.4	0.161
141	Graph		s	sonic velocity	-53		5.88	3.72	71.7	30.8	35.8	0.164
141	Graph		s	sonic velocity	-28		5.89	3.72	71.9	30.8	36.1	0.167
141	Graph		s	sonic velocity	-3		5.91	3.73	72.2	30.9	36.5	0.168
141	Graph		s	sonic velocity	22	2.2199	5.93	3.73	72.4	30.9	36.9	0.172
141	Graph		s	sonic velocity	47		5.94	3.73	72.6	30.9	37.3	0.175
141	Graph		s	sonic velocity	72		5.96	3.74	72.9	31	37.6	0.176
141	Graph		x	sonic velocity	97		5.98	3.74	73.1	31	38	0.179
141	Graph		s	sonic velocity	122		5.99	3.74	73.3	31	38.4	0.182

142	Table	III	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.2012			72.7	31.06			3
142	Table	III	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.2017			72.9	31.1			4
142	Table	III	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.203			73.15	31.19			1
142	Table	III	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.2026			73	31.17			2
142	Table	III	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.2027			72.82	31.27			5
142	Table	III	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.2027			72.98	31.28			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.203			73.15				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	114				74.22				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	120				74.22				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	152				74.81				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	196				75.22				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	208				75.22				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	304				76.41				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	392				77.06				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	405				77.41				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	512				78.3				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	562				78.66				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	593				78.89				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	594				79.01				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	706				79.6				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	737				79.78				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	806				80.13				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	844				80.48				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	900				80.71				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1005				81.12				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1092				81.42				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1173				81.64				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1228				81.64				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1240				81.64				1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.2026			73				2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	94				73.82				2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	323				76.43				2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	499				78.02				2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	599				78.67				2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	656				79.08				2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	706				79.37				2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	731				79.49				2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	799				79.91				2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	905				80.37				2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1005				80.78				2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1105				81.31				2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1191				81.42				2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1259				81.47				2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.2012			72.7				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	96				73.87				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	172				74.68				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	203				74.92				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	405				76.89				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	418				76.95				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	513				77.83				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	600				78.46				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	607				78.57				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	663				78.86				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	701				79.21				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	819				79.79				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	901				80.42				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	931				80.48				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	969				80.65				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	981				80.65				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1012				80.76				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1024				80.7				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1073				80.69				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1097				80.63				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1122				80.68				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1116				80.69				3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.2017			72.9				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	165				74.59				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	209				75.18				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	317				76.23				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	418				77.28				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	500				77.98				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	620				78.97				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	719				79.42				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	813				80.12				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	900				80.47				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	962				80.88				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1036				81.04				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1098				81.03				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1134				80.9				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	102				74.13				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	305				76.29				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	406				77.4				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	519				78.16				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	625				78.85				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	726				79.55				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	814				80.24				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	863				80.53				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1079				81.04				4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.2027			72.82				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	76				73.46				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	165				74.76				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	273				76.05				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	405				77.23				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	437				77.58				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	506				77.98				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	569				78.51				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	600				78.75				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	694				79.39				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	819				80.14				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	913				80.6				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	925				80.72				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	937				80.72				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	994				81.13				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1074				81.35				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1099				81.35				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1118				81.46				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1185				81.4				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1198				81.51				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1222				81.45				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1247				81.38				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1259				81.33				5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.2027			72.98				6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	101				74.04				6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	152				74.75				6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	203				75.28				6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	298				76.4				6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	405				77.34				6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	606				78.98				6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	675				79.45				6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	688				79.5				6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	806				80.2				6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	894				80.66				6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	987				81.18				6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1198				81.69				6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1229				81.63				6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.201			72.94				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	90				73.86				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	147				74.49				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	199				75.13				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	289				76.16				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	308				76.22				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	404				77.19				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	473				77.76				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	601				79.09				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	664				79.37				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	697				79.83				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	784				80.04				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	803				80.22				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	828				80.21				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	872				80.61				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	897				80.66				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1004				81.06				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1023				81.34				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1073				81.39				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1092				81.5				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1160				81.67				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1197				81.37				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1221				81.36				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1264				81.18				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	167				74.72				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	199				75.13				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	326				76.22				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	448				77.54				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	505				78.05				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	620				79.2				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	703				79.77				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	809				80.21				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	905				81.01				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1005				81.41				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1105				81.74				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1142				81.79				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1204				81.78				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1259				81.65				7
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.203				31.19			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	100					31.49			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	125					31.57			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	151					31.75			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	195					31.92			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	403					32.63			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	509					32.9			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	565					33.08			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	702					33.33			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	728					33.48			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	747					33.53			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	802					33.53			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	995					33.95			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	989					34			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1101					34.08			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1163					34.17			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1194					34.2			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1254					34.02			1
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.2026				31.17			2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	94					31.47			2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	200					31.75			2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	328					32.43			2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	515					32.88			2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	609					33.23			2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	777					33.45			2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	909					33.86			2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1007					33.9			2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1107					34.08			2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1205					34.05			2
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.2012				31.06			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	94					31.38			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	202					31.83			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	309					32.23			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	397					32.5			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	415					32.55			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	503					32.82			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	516					32.87			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	603					33.04			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	659					33.16			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	709					33.26			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	808					33.46			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	932					33.73			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	975					33.72			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1018					33.75			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1067					33.77			3
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.2017				31.1			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	158					31.7			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	176					31.75			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	214					31.9			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	321					32.29			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	403					32.54			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	516					32.91			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	622					33.13			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	821					33.55			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	895					33.72			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	957					33.79			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1043					33.82			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1080					33.86			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1098					33.81			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1116					33.81			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	409					32.59			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	616					33.18			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	709					33.38			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	803					33.6			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	859					33.72			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1006					33.84			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1025					33.86			4
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.2027				31.27			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	100					31.57			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	170					31.92			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	214					32.05			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	271					32.33			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	303					32.48			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	415					32.75			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	440					32.78			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	509					33.08			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	553					33.18			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	572					33.18			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	591					33.3			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	672					33.45			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	690					33.45			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	802					33.7			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	902					33.9			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	939					33.92			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	989					34.04			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1070					34.12			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1094					34.17			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1186					34.11			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1193					34.21			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1241					34			5
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.2027				31.28			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	69					31.51			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	151					31.81			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	214					32.06			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	302					32.44			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	446					32.76			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	503					33.01			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	566					33.21			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	616					33.36			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	709					33.56			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	809					33.76			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	890					33.96			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	983					34			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1082					34.13			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1107					34.23			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1144					34.2			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	1211					34.17			6
142	Graph	1	x	dynamic resonance	23	2.201				31.38			7

           ===== Table Notes =====

           1: Source A, specimen c, density at 23 øC = 2.2030 g/cm³.
           2: Source A, specimen d, density at 23 øC = 2.2026 g/cm³.
           3: Source C, specimen a, density at 23 øC = 2.2012 g/cm³.
           4: Source C, specimen b, density at 23 øC = 2.2017 g/cm³.
           5: Source G, specimen e, density at 23 øC = 2.2027 g/cm³.
           6: Source G, specimen f, density at 23 øC = 2.2027 g/cm³.
           7: Source X, specimen 1, density at 23 øC = 2.201 g/cm³.

Elastic Moduli Data for Polycrystalline Ceramics

SiO2 { silicon dioxide, silica, fused silica, fused quartz, vitreous silica }

SiO₂ { silicon dioxide, silica, fused silica, fused quartz, vitreous silica }