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NIST High Temp. Superconducting Materials (HTS) Database:

NIST Standard Reference Database 62

Last Update to Data Content: 1996

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18434/T4KP8J

Bibliographic Information

Title: Ultrasonic Evidence of Strong Vibrational Anharmonicity in High-Tc Superconductors and its Effect on Determination of their Elastic Properties
Author(s): C. Fanggao, M. Cankurtaran, G.A. Saunders, A. Al-Kheffaji, D.P. Almond, P.J. Ford, and D.A. Ladds
Publication: Physical Review B Volume: 43 Issue: 7 Year: 1991 Page(s): 5526-5537
Editor(s): Not Available
Publisher: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
Language: English
Notes: Not Available
Keywords: Material Specification, Density (mass), Critical Temperature, Debye Temperature, Elasticity Tensor, Elastic Modulus, Shear Modulus, Poisson's Ratio, Bulk Modulus, Sound Velocity

Materials and Properties

Nd:21; [Nd(Ce)-Cu-O]
La:21; [La(Sr)-Cu-O]
Y:123; [Y-Ba-Cu-O]
Material Specification for Nd:21; [Nd(Ce)-Cu-O] Process: Flux Growth
Notes: The authors cite C. Fanggao et al., Supercond. Sci. Technol., Vol. 3, 422 (1990), and summarize the procedure as follows. "Each specimen was single phase... To grow YBa2Cu3O7-x with a large-grain size, the halide-flux method was used. Premanufactured YBa2Cu3O7-x powder (4 parts) was well mixed with the flux consisting of the 1:1 eutectic mixture of NaCl and KCl (1 part) in an alumina crucible. This charge was heated in a tube furnace under flowing oxygen at a rate of 25 °C/h up to 1020 °C and held at that temperature for 10 h. Then it was cooled slowly down to room temperature at a rate of less than 1 °C/h. This produced a large boule... with grain sizes ranging from about 1 to 3mm... The pressed pellets of each ceramic material and the large-grain YBa2Cu3O7-x specimens were lightly polished to give flat faces parallel to about 10-4 rad."
Formula: Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4-x
Informal Name: Nd:21
Chemical Family: Nd(Ce)-Cu-O
Chemical Class: Oxide
Structure Type: Polycrystalline
Manufacturer: In House
Commercial Name: In House
Production Date:
Lot Number:
Production Form:

Density (mass) for Nd:21; [Nd(Ce)-Cu-O]
Density (g cm-3)
6.481
Measurement Method: Archimedes' method
"The sample density (was) measured using Archimedes' principle..."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Critical Temperature for Nd:21; [Nd(Ce)-Cu-O]
Critical Temperature (K)
21
Measurement Method: Unknown Tc measurement

Cautions: Unevaluated Data
No measurement details were noted.
Debye Temperature for Nd:21; [Nd(Ce)-Cu-O]
Temperature (K) Debye Temperature (K)
295 379
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Elasticity Tensor for Nd:21; [Nd(Ce)-Cu-O]
C11 = 184
C12 = 47.5
C13 =
C22 =
C23 =
C33 =
C44 = 68
C55 =
C66 =
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Elastic Modulus for Nd:21; [Nd(Ce)-Cu-O]
Temperature (K) Elastic Modulus (GPa)
295 128
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Shear Modulus for Nd:21; [Nd(Ce)-Cu-O]
Pressure (GPa) Shear Modulus (GPa)
0.00 68.16
0.01 68.17
0.02 68.19
0.03 68.21
0.04 68.23
0.05 68.25
0.06 68.28
0.07 68.29
0.08 68.31
0.09 68.33
0.10 68.35
0.11 68.37
0.12 68.38
0.13 68.40
0.14 68.43
0.15 68.45
0
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Digitized data were obtained from Figure 6 of the paper.
Poisson's Ratio for Nd:21; [Nd(Ce)-Cu-O]
Temperature (K) Poisson's Ratio (no unit)
295 0.207
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Bulk Modulus for Nd:21; [Nd(Ce)-Cu-O]
Pressure (GPa) dB/dP () Bulk Modulus (GPa)
0.00 10.4 93.2
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Sound Velocity for Nd:21; [Nd(Ce)-Cu-O]
Mode () Pressure (GPa) dv/dP (km/(s·GPa)) Sound Velocity (km/s)
Longitudinal 0.0 0.22 4.694
Shear 0.0 0.048 2.854
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Digitized data were obtained from Figure 2 of the paper.
Material Specification for La:21; [La(Sr)-Cu-O] Process: Flux Growth
Notes: The authors cite C. Fanggao et al., Supercond. Sci. Technol., Vol. 3, 422 (1990), and summarize the procedure as follows. "Each specimen was single phase... To grow YBa2Cu3O7-x with a large-grain size, the halide-flux method was used. Premanufactured YBa2Cu3O7-x powder (4 parts) was well mixed with the flux consisting of the 1:1 eutectic mixture of NaCl and KCl (1 part) in an alumina crucible. This charge was heated in a tube furnace under flowing oxygen at a rate of 25 °C/h up to 1020 °C and held at that temperature for 10 h. Then it was cooled slowly down to room temperature at a rate of less than 1 °C/h. This produced a large boule... with grain sizes ranging from about 1 to 3mm... The pressed pellets of each ceramic material and the large-grain YBa2Cu3O7-x specimens were lightly polished to give flat faces parallel to about 10-4 rad."
Formula: La1.8Sr0.2CuO4
Informal Name: La:21
Chemical Family: La(Sr)-Cu-O
Chemical Class: Oxide
Structure Type: Polycrystalline
Manufacturer: In House
Commercial Name: In House
Production Date:
Lot Number:
Production Form:

Density (mass) for La:21; [La(Sr)-Cu-O]
Density (g cm-3)
6.000
Measurement Method: Archimedes' method
"The sample density (was) measured using Archimedes' principle..."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Critical Temperature for La:21; [La(Sr)-Cu-O]
Critical Temperature (K)
32
Measurement Method: Unknown Tc measurement

Cautions: Unevaluated Data
Debye Temperature for La:21; [La(Sr)-Cu-O]
Temperature (K) Debye Temperature (K)
295 383
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Elasticity Tensor for La:21; [La(Sr)-Cu-O]
C11 = 194
C12 = 42.5
C13 =
C22 =
C23 =
C33 =
C44 = 75
C55 =
C66 =
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Elastic Modulus for La:21; [La(Sr)-Cu-O]
Temperature (K) Elastic Modulus (GPa)
295 121
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Shear Modulus for La:21; [La(Sr)-Cu-O]
Pressure (GPa) Shear Modulus (GPa)
0.00 75.280
0.01 75.291
0.02 75.300
0.03 75.305
0.04 75.316
0.05 75.323
0.06 75.326
0.07 75.333
0.08 75.339
0.09 75.344
0.10 75.348
0.11 75.353
0.12 75.358
0.13 75.360
0.14 75.362
0.15 75.364
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Digitized data were obtained from Figure 8 of the paper.
Poisson's Ratio for La:21; [La(Sr)-Cu-O]
Temperature (K) Poisson's Ratio (no unit)
295 0.188
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Bulk Modulus for La:21; [La(Sr)-Cu-O]
Pressure (GPa) dB/dP () Bulk Modulus (GPa)
0.0 36 93
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Sound Velocity for La:21; [La(Sr)-Cu-O]
Mode () Pressure (GPa) dv/dP (km/(s·GPa)) Sound Velocity (km/s)
Longitudinal 0.0 0.354 4.706
Shear 0.0 0.037 2.917
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Material Specification for Y:123; [Y-Ba-Cu-O] Process: Flux Growth
Notes: The authors cite C. Fanggao et al., Supercond. Sci. Technol., Vol. 3, 422 (1990), and summarize the procedure as follows. "Each specimen was single phase... To grow YBa2Cu3O7-x with a large-grain size, the halide-flux method was used. Premanufactured YBa2Cu3O7-x powder (4 parts) was well mixed with the flux consisting of the 1:1 eutectic mixture of NaCl and KCl (1 part) in an alumina crucible. This charge was heated in a tube furnace under flowing oxygen at a rate of 25 °C/h up to 1020 °C and held at that temperature for 10 h. Then it was cooled slowly down to room temperature at a rate of less than 1 °C/h. This produced a large boule... with grain sizes ranging from about 1 to 3mm... The pressed pellets of each ceramic material and the large-grain YBa2Cu3O7-x specimens were lightly polished to give flat faces parallel to about 10-4 rad."
Formula: YBa2Cu3O7-x
Informal Name: Y:123
Chemical Family: Y-Ba-Cu-O
Chemical Class: Oxide
Structure Type: Polycrystalline
Manufacturer: In House
Commercial Name: In House
Production Date:
Lot Number:
Production Form:

Density (mass) for Y:123; [Y-Ba-Cu-O]
Density (g cm-3)
5.720
Measurement Method: Archimedes' method
"The sample density (was) measured using Archimedes' principle..."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Elasticity Tensor for Y:123; [Y-Ba-Cu-O]
C11 = 145
C12 = 30.3
C13 =
C22 =
C23 =
C33 =
C44 = 57.4
C55 =
C66 =
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Bulk Modulus for Y:123; [Y-Ba-Cu-O]
Pressure (GPa) dB/dP () Bulk Modulus (GPa)
0.0 85 68.5
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data
Sound Velocity for Y:123; [Y-Ba-Cu-O]
Mode () Pressure (GPa) dv/dP (km/(s·GPa)) Sound Velocity (km/s)
Longitudinal 0.0 0.8 4.354
Measurement Method: Ultrasonic method
"For the ceramic specimens, ultrasonic pulses were propagated along the direction of pressing and were generated and detected by 5-MHz X- or Y-cut (for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively) quartz transducers bonded to the specimen using Dow resin (276-V9)... In the case of the halide-flux grown, large-grained YBa2Cu3O7-x the acoustic quality was such that only the longitudinal-mode echo trains were sufficiently good to allow accurate measurement... To measure the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the ultrasonic-wave transit time, a pulse-echo-overlap system was used which is capable of detecting changes in the ultrasound transit time of 1 part in 105... Hydrostatic pressures up to 0.15 GPa were applied using a piston and cylinder apparatus with silicone oil as the pressure transmitting medium. Pressure was measured using a precalibrated manganin resistance guage."

Cautions: Evaluated Data