Material Specification for ; [Y-Ni-B-C]
Process: Melt Processed
Notes: "The samples used in this study were prepared by arc melting stoichiometric amounts of Y (99.9%), Ni (99.95%), B (99%) and C (specpure) together (but with a slight (2-4%) excess of Y to compensate for expected melting losses) and then inverting and remelting the resulting button 5 times to ensure homogeneity. ... Subsequently the sample was annealed in an argon atmosphere for 24 h at 1000 °C and then furnace cooled to room temperature... Long (40 mm), thin (0.6 mm) samples, sections from which were suitable for transport measurements, were made from similarly produced buttons by suction chill-casting in a specially designed Cu mold."
Formula: YNi2B2C
Informal Name:
Chemical Family: Y-Ni-B-C
Chemical Class: Carbide
Structure Type: Polycrystalline
Manufacturer: In House
Commercial Name: In House
Production Date:
Lot Number:
Production Form:
Crystallography for ; [Y-Ni-B-C]
| Crystal System: | Tetragonal |
| Formula Units per Cell: | |
| Space Group: |
|
Cell Parameters
|
Temp
K
|
a
Å
|
b
Å
|
c
Å
|
| 296 |
3.5351(6) |
-- |
10.560(3) |
Measurement Method: X-ray diffraction
"...a Philips PW1049 X-ray diffractometer was used to obtain a powder diffraction pattern (with Cu Kα radiation)." No additional measurement details were noted.
Cautions: Unevaluated Data
Critical Temperature for ; [Y-Ni-B-C]
| Transition Width (K) |
Critical Temperature (K) |
| 0.7 |
14.2 |
Measurement Method: Ac susceptibility
The authors cite G. Williams, Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors and Other Spin Systems, R.A. Hein et al., eds. (Plenum, New York, 1991) pg. 475, and summarize the procedure as follows. "The AC susceptibility of the button was measured in a... phase-locked susceptometer (with a 2.4 kHz, (4 A/m = 50 mOe) driving field) over the temperature range 4.2 K to about 25 K, the sample temperature being measured by a calibrated Ge resistor (Lakeshore Cryotronics) placed in good thermal contact with it... The lower critical field H
(T) was estimated as either the field at which (the low-field magnetisation data deviates) from a linear behaviour initially occurs or from an extrapolation procedure in which the measured response forms an envelope defining the ideal behaviour of a type-II superconductor... Various approaches have also been used in attempts to estimate the upper critical field, H
(T)... estimates (were) obtained from resistivity-field curves based on a 10% (RH-10)... or 50% (RH-50)... of normal resistivity criteria... estimates (were also made) from magnetisation-field curves based on the linear interpolated (internal) field at which the magnetisation crosses zero as a lower limit (MH-Lin)...or on the field at which the magnetisation-field curve exhibits a discontinuity (MH-Dis)... we evaluate the critical current density jc using the Bean model."
Cautions: Evaluated Data
Critical Current Density for ; [Y-Ni-B-C]
| Temperature (K) |
Applied Field (kA/m) |
Critical Current Density (kA/cm2) |
| 11.5 |
0 |
7.5 |
| 11.5 |
16 |
8.1 |
| 11.5 |
36 |
5.7 |
| 11.5 |
56 |
2.9 |
| 11.5 |
102 |
1.7 |
| 11.5 |
198 |
0.5 |
| 11.5 |
279 |
0.0 |
| 11.5 |
300 |
0.0 |
| 6.1 |
4 |
30.6 |
| 6.1 |
27 |
33.4 |
| 6.1 |
57 |
36.9 |
| 6.1 |
88 |
39.8 |
| 6.1 |
124 |
38.0 |
| 6.1 |
164 |
29.3 |
| 6.1 |
199 |
22.4 |
| 6.1 |
280 |
15.4 |
| 6.1 |
356 |
11.3 |
| 6.1 |
458 |
8.4 |
| 6.1 |
559 |
6.6 |
| 6.1 |
620 |
5.4 |
| 6.1 |
696 |
4.2 |
| 1.9 |
12 |
44.4 |
| 1.9 |
48 |
51.3 |
| 1.9 |
79 |
55.9 |
| 1.9 |
124 |
58.2 |
| 1.9 |
165 |
57.0 |
| 1.9 |
205 |
49.5 |
| 1.9 |
246 |
40.8 |
| 1.9 |
281 |
33.9 |
| 1.9 |
341 |
26.9 |
| 1.9 |
402 |
22.9 |
| 1.9 |
519 |
17.0 |
| 1.9 |
635 |
12.9 |
| 1.9 |
676 |
11.7 |
Measurement Method: Ac susceptibility
The authors cite G. Williams, Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors and Other Spin Systems, R.A. Hein et al., eds. (Plenum, New York, 1991) pg. 475, and summarize the procedure as follows. "The AC susceptibility of the button was measured in a... phase-locked susceptometer (with a 2.4 kHz, (4 A/m = 50 mOe) driving field) over the temperature range 4.2 K to about 25 K, the sample temperature being measured by a calibrated Ge resistor (Lakeshore Cryotronics) placed in good thermal contact with it... The lower critical field H
(T) was estimated as either the field at which (the low-field magnetisation data deviates) from a linear behaviour initially occurs or from an extrapolation procedure in which the measured response forms an envelope defining the ideal behaviour of a type-II superconductor... Various approaches have also been used in attempts to estimate the upper critical field, H
(T)... estimates (were) obtained from resistivity-field curves based on a 10% (RH-10)... or 50% (RH-50)... of normal resistivity criteria... estimates (were also made) from magnetisation-field curves based on the linear interpolated (internal) field at which the magnetisation crosses zero as a lower limit (MH-Lin)...or on the field at which the magnetisation-field curve exhibits a discontinuity (MH-Dis)... we evaluate the critical current density jc using the Bean model."
Cautions: Evaluated Data
Digitized data were obtained from Figure 9 of the paper.
Critical Flux Density Hc2 for ; [Y-Ni-B-C]
| Measurement Criterion () |
Temperature (K) |
Crit.Mag.Flux Density Hc2 (T) |
| RH-10 |
1.7 |
7.4 |
| RH-10 |
4.1 |
6.0 |
| RH-10 |
6.9 |
4.5 |
| RH-10 |
8.0 |
3.6 |
| RH-10 |
10.2 |
2.3 |
| RH-10 |
12.1 |
1.1 |
| RH-10 |
13.0 |
0.5 |
| RH-50 |
1.7 |
8.1 |
| RH-50 |
4.1 |
6.7 |
| RH-50 |
6.9 |
4.9 |
| RH-50 |
8.0 |
3.9 |
| RH-50 |
10.2 |
2.5 |
| RH-50 |
12.1 |
1.3 |
| RH-50 |
13.0 |
0.6 |
| MH-Lin |
1.7 |
3.8 |
| MH-Lin |
4.2 |
3.2 |
| MH-Lin |
6.1 |
2.5 |
| MH-Lin |
6.8 |
2.3 |
| MH-Lin |
7.8 |
1.8 |
| MH-Lin |
8.7 |
1.5 |
| MH-Lin |
9.5 |
1.3 |
| MH-Lin |
10.5 |
0.8 |
| MH-Lin |
11.6 |
0.5 |
| MH-Dis |
1.8 |
5.3 |
| MH-Dis |
4.1 |
4.5 |
| MH-Dis |
6.1 |
3.5 |
| MH-Dis |
6.8 |
3.2 |
| MH-Dis |
7.8 |
2.6 |
| MH-Dis |
8.7 |
2.2 |
| MH-Dis |
9.3 |
1.7 |
| MH-Dis |
10.5 |
1.3 |
| MH-Dis |
11.6 |
0.7 |
Measurement Method: Ac susceptibility
The authors cite G. Williams, Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors and Other Spin Systems, R.A. Hein et al., eds. (Plenum, New York, 1991) pg. 475, and summarize the procedure as follows. "The AC susceptibility of the button was measured in a... phase-locked susceptometer (with a 2.4 kHz, (4 A/m = 50 mOe) driving field) over the temperature range 4.2 K to about 25 K, the sample temperature being measured by a calibrated Ge resistor (Lakeshore Cryotronics) placed in good thermal contact with it... The lower critical field H
(T) was estimated as either the field at which (the low-field magnetisation data deviates) from a linear behaviour initially occurs or from an extrapolation procedure in which the measured response forms an envelope defining the ideal behaviour of a type-II superconductor... Various approaches have also been used in attempts to estimate the upper critical field, H
(T)... estimates (were) obtained from resistivity-field curves based on a 10% (RH-10)... or 50% (RH-50)... of normal resistivity criteria... estimates (were also made) from magnetisation-field curves based on the linear interpolated (internal) field at which the magnetisation crosses zero as a lower limit (MH-Lin)...or on the field at which the magnetisation-field curve exhibits a discontinuity (MH-Dis)... we evaluate the critical current density jc using the Bean model."
Cautions: Evaluated Data
Digitized data were obtained from Figure 8 of the paper.
Resistivity (normal state) for ; [Y-Ni-B-C]
| Temperature (K) |
Applied Field (T) |
Resistivity (normal state) (mΩ·cm) |
| 13 |
0.1 |
0 |
| 13 |
0.5 |
0 |
| 13 |
0.62 |
0.0020 |
| 13 |
0.63 |
0.0046 |
| 13 |
0.64 |
0.0065 |
| 13 |
0.65 |
0.0094 |
| 13 |
0.76 |
0.0117 |
| 13 |
0.87 |
0.0143 |
| 13 |
1.0 |
0.0155 |
| 13 |
2.0 |
0.0157 |
| 13 |
2.1 |
0.0157 |
| 13 |
4.0 |
0.0158 |
| 13 |
5.9 |
0.0157 |
| 13 |
8.4 |
0.0156 |
| 12 |
0.1 |
0 |
| 12 |
0.9 |
0 |
| 12 |
1.03 |
0.0011 |
| 12 |
1.04 |
0.0027 |
| 12 |
1.15 |
0.0050 |
| 12 |
1.26 |
0.0070 |
| 12 |
1.27 |
0.0096 |
| 12 |
1.37 |
0.0113 |
| 12 |
1.49 |
0.0142 |
| 12 |
1.6 |
0.0149 |
| 12 |
1.8 |
0.0154 |
| 12 |
2.0 |
0.0155 |
| 12 |
3.0 |
0.0157 |
| 12 |
4.4 |
0.0157 |
| 12 |
5.7 |
0.0157 |
| 12 |
7.2 |
0.0157 |
| 12 |
8.3 |
0.0157 |
| 10 |
0.1 |
0 |
| 10 |
1.0 |
0.0001 |
| 10 |
2.27 |
0.0001 |
| 10 |
2.37 |
0.0020 |
| 10 |
2.48 |
0.0044 |
| 10 |
2.60 |
0.0093 |
| 10 |
2.82 |
0.0120 |
| 10 |
2.93 |
0.0135 |
| 10 |
3.13 |
0.0145 |
| 10 |
3.4 |
0.0152 |
| 10 |
3.8 |
0.0157 |
| 10 |
4.8 |
0.0157 |
| 10 |
5.7 |
0.0157 |
| 10 |
6.8 |
0.0156 |
| 10 |
8.3 |
0.0156 |
| 8 |
0.1 |
0 |
| 8 |
1.0 |
0.0001 |
| 8 |
2.3 |
0.0001 |
| 8 |
3.60 |
0.0003 |
| 8 |
3.71 |
0.0021 |
| 8 |
3.82 |
0.0039 |
| 8 |
3.93 |
0.0059 |
| 8 |
4.04 |
0.0082 |
| 8 |
4.26 |
0.0108 |
| 8 |
4.37 |
0.0129 |
| 8 |
4.68 |
0.0141 |
| 8 |
5.2 |
0.0150 |
| 8 |
5.9 |
0.0157 |
| 8 |
6.8 |
0.0156 |
| 8 |
8.3 |
0.0156 |
| 6.7 |
0.2 |
0 |
| 6.7 |
1.0 |
0 |
| 6.7 |
2.3 |
0.0001 |
| 6.7 |
3.6 |
0.0001 |
| 6.7 |
4.53 |
0.0001 |
| 6.7 |
4.74 |
0.0019 |
| 6.7 |
4.75 |
0.0036 |
| 6.7 |
4.85 |
0.0047 |
| 6.7 |
4.96 |
0.0068 |
| 6.7 |
5.18 |
0.0108 |
| 6.7 |
5.39 |
0.0122 |
| 6.7 |
5.60 |
0.0132 |
| 6.7 |
5.9 |
0.0144 |
| 6.7 |
6.3 |
0.0150 |
| 6.7 |
6.8 |
0.0156 |
| 6.7 |
8.0 |
0.0158 |
| 6.7 |
8.3 |
0.0158 |
| 4.2 |
0 |
0 |
| 4.2 |
1.0 |
0.0001 |
| 4.2 |
2.3 |
0.0001 |
| 4.2 |
3.6 |
0.0001 |
| 4.2 |
4.5 |
0.0001 |
| 4.2 |
5.9 |
0.0001 |
| 4.2 |
6.07 |
0.0003 |
| 4.2 |
6.18 |
0.0019 |
| 4.2 |
6.50 |
0.0044 |
| 4.2 |
6.71 |
0.0073 |
| 4.2 |
6.93 |
0.0092 |
| 4.2 |
7.14 |
0.0112 |
| 4.2 |
7.56 |
0.0134 |
| 4.2 |
7.97 |
0.0144 |
| 4.2 |
8.5 |
0.0150 |
| 4.2 |
9.2 |
0.0155 |
| 4.2 |
9.9 |
0.0157 |
| 1.7 |
0.0 |
0 |
| 1.7 |
5.0 |
0 |
| 1.7 |
6.0 |
0.0001 |
| 1.7 |
7.0 |
0.0001 |
| 1.7 |
7.4 |
0.0009 |
| 1.7 |
7.63 |
0.0028 |
| 1.7 |
7.84 |
0.0047 |
| 1.7 |
8.05 |
0.0068 |
| 1.7 |
8.26 |
0.0089 |
| 1.7 |
8.47 |
0.0105 |
| 1.7 |
8.79 |
0.0121 |
| 1.7 |
9.21 |
0.0135 |
| 1.7 |
9.5 |
0.0143 |
| 1.7 |
10.0 |
0.0149 |
Measurement Method: Ac resistivity
The authors cite W.B. Muir et al., J. Phys. E, Vol. 9, 163 (1976), and summarize the procedure as follows. "Following annealing... the sample resistance was measured as a function of temperature and applied field (up to 10 T) using a high precision low frequency (37 Hz) differential technique with excitation currents of (about) 50 mA."
Cautions: Evaluated Data
Digitized data were obtained from Figure 10 of the paper.
Magnetic Susceptibility for ; [Y-Ni-B-C]
| Temperature (K) |
Magnetic Susceptibility (arbitrary) |
| 9.0 |
-1.29 |
| 9.9 |
-1.29 |
| 11.0 |
-1.26 |
| 12.9 |
-1.21 |
| 13.3 |
-1.05 |
| 13.5 |
-0.86 |
| 13.5 |
-0.79 |
| 13.6 |
-0.66 |
| 13.7 |
-0.52 |
| 13.8 |
-0.37 |
| 13.8 |
-0.19 |
| 13.8 |
-0.11 |
| 13.9 |
-0.07 |
| 14.1 |
-0.04 |
| 14.3 |
0 |
| 15.0 |
0 |
Measurement Method: Ac susceptibility
The authors cite G. Williams, Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors and Other Spin Systems, R.A. Hein et al., eds. (Plenum, New York, 1991) pg. 475, and summarize the procedure as follows. "The AC susceptibility of the button was measured in a... phase-locked susceptometer (with a 2.4 kHz, (4 A/m = 50 mOe) driving field) over the temperature range 4.2 K to about 25 K, the sample temperature being measured by a calibrated Ge resistor (Lakeshore Cryotronics) placed in good thermal contact with it... The lower critical field H
(T) was estimated as either the field at which (the low-field magnetisation data deviates) from a linear behaviour initially occurs or from an extrapolation procedure in which the measured response forms an envelope defining the ideal behaviour of a type-II superconductor... Various approaches have also been used in attempts to estimate the upper critical field, H
(T)... estimates (were) obtained from resistivity-field curves based on a 10% (RH-10)... or 50% (RH-50)... of normal resistivity criteria... estimates (were also made) from magnetisation-field curves based on the linear interpolated (internal) field at which the magnetisation crosses zero as a lower limit (MH-Lin)...or on the field at which the magnetisation-field curve exhibits a discontinuity (MH-Dis)... we evaluate the critical current density jc using the Bean model."
Cautions: Evaluated Data
Digitized data were obtained from Figure 2 of the paper.
Penetration Depth for ; [Y-Ni-B-C]
| Temperature (K) |
Penetration Depth (σ) |
| 0 |
600 ± 120 |
Measurement Method: Ac susceptibility
The authors cite G. Williams, Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors and Other Spin Systems, R.A. Hein et al., eds. (Plenum, New York, 1991) pg. 475, and summarize the procedure as follows. "The AC susceptibility of the button was measured in a... phase-locked susceptometer (with a 2.4 kHz, (4 A/m = 50 mOe) driving field) over the temperature range 4.2 K to about 25 K, the sample temperature being measured by a calibrated Ge resistor (Lakeshore Cryotronics) placed in good thermal contact with it... The lower critical field H
(T) was estimated as either the field at which (the low-field magnetisation data deviates) from a linear behaviour initially occurs or from an extrapolation procedure in which the measured response forms an envelope defining the ideal behaviour of a type-II superconductor... Various approaches have also been used in attempts to estimate the upper critical field, H
(T)... estimates (were) obtained from resistivity-field curves based on a 10% (RH-10)... or 50% (RH-50)... of normal resistivity criteria... estimates (were also made) from magnetisation-field curves based on the linear interpolated (internal) field at which the magnetisation crosses zero as a lower limit (MH-Lin)...or on the field at which the magnetisation-field curve exhibits a discontinuity (MH-Dis)... we evaluate the critical current density jc using the Bean model."
Cautions: Evaluated Data
Coherence Length for ; [Y-Ni-B-C]
| Temperature (K) |
Coherence Length (σ) |
| 0 |
75 ± 15 |
Measurement Method: Ac susceptibility
The authors cite G. Williams, Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors and Other Spin Systems, R.A. Hein et al., eds. (Plenum, New York, 1991) pg. 475, and summarize the procedure as follows. "The AC susceptibility of the button was measured in a... phase-locked susceptometer (with a 2.4 kHz, (4 A/m = 50 mOe) driving field) over the temperature range 4.2 K to about 25 K, the sample temperature being measured by a calibrated Ge resistor (Lakeshore Cryotronics) placed in good thermal contact with it... The lower critical field H
(T) was estimated as either the field at which (the low-field magnetisation data deviates) from a linear behaviour initially occurs or from an extrapolation procedure in which the measured response forms an envelope defining the ideal behaviour of a type-II superconductor... Various approaches have also been used in attempts to estimate the upper critical field, H
(T)... estimates (were) obtained from resistivity-field curves based on a 10% (RH-10)... or 50% (RH-50)... of normal resistivity criteria... estimates (were also made) from magnetisation-field curves based on the linear interpolated (internal) field at which the magnetisation crosses zero as a lower limit (MH-Lin)...or on the field at which the magnetisation-field curve exhibits a discontinuity (MH-Dis)... we evaluate the critical current density jc using the Bean model."
Cautions: Evaluated Data
Critical Field Strength Hc1 for ; [Y-Ni-B-C]
| Measurement Criterion () |
Temperature (K) |
Crit.Mag.Field Strength Hc1 (kA/m) |
| Linear |
1.9 |
66 |
| Linear |
4.1 |
53 |
| Linear |
6.1 |
44 |
| Linear |
6.7 |
40 |
| Linear |
7.7 |
34 |
| Linear |
8.7 |
28 |
| Linear |
9.4 |
25 |
| Linear |
10.5 |
17 |
| Linear |
11.5 |
9 |
| Envelope |
1.8 |
164 |
| Envelope |
4.1 |
138 |
| Envelope |
6.0 |
109 |
| Envelope |
6.8 |
101 |
| Envelope |
7.7 |
89 |
| Envelope |
8.6 |
73 |
| Envelope |
9.3 |
61 |
| Envelope |
10.5 |
43 |
| Envelope |
11.5 |
26 |
Measurement Method: Ac susceptibility
The authors cite G. Williams, Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors and Other Spin Systems, R.A. Hein et al., eds. (Plenum, New York, 1991) pg. 475, and summarize the procedure as follows. "The AC susceptibility of the button was measured in a... phase-locked susceptometer (with a 2.4 kHz, (4 A/m = 50 mOe) driving field) over the temperature range 4.2 K to about 25 K, the sample temperature being measured by a calibrated Ge resistor (Lakeshore Cryotronics) placed in good thermal contact with it... The lower critical field H
(T) was estimated as either the field at which (the low-field magnetisation data deviates) from a linear behaviour initially occurs or from an extrapolation procedure in which the measured response forms an envelope defining the ideal behaviour of a type-II superconductor... Various approaches have also been used in attempts to estimate the upper critical field, H
(T)... estimates (were) obtained from resistivity-field curves based on a 10% (RH-10)... or 50% (RH-50)... of normal resistivity criteria... estimates (were also made) from magnetisation-field curves based on the linear interpolated (internal) field at which the magnetisation crosses zero as a lower limit (MH-Lin)...or on the field at which the magnetisation-field curve exhibits a discontinuity (MH-Dis)... we evaluate the critical current density jc using the Bean model."
Cautions: Evaluated Data
Digitized data were obtained from Figure 7 of the paper.
