NIST Structural Ceramics Database (SCD) Database

NIST Standard Reference Database 30

Last Update to Data Content: 2002

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18434/T4F30D


SCD Citation Number: Z00790

Bibliographic Information

Reference:
"Thermophysical Properties of α-Tungsten Carbide," R.R. Reeber and K. Wang, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 82 [1], pp. 129-135 (1999), published by American Ceramic Society.
Language: English

General Materials Processing Notes

"Tungsten carbide (α-WC) is an important industrial material that has a melting point >3000 K and hexagonal symmetry. ... Thermal expansion measurements and theory have been reviewed at low temperatures for α-WC. We have predicted the thermal expansion and bulk modulus over an extended temperature range, up to the melting point. In addition, we have used our lower-bound values to calculate the thermal expansion up to pressures of 150 GPa."

Measurement Methods

Analysis
The authors cite K. Wang et al., J. Mater. Res., Vol. 11, 1800 (1996), and summarize the procedure as follows. "Upper and lower bounds for the thermal expansion of polycrystalline tungsten carbide (α-WC) are predicted at ultrahigh temperatures from low-temperature experimental data. The lower bound is obtained from an αVKTV model, where αV is the volume thermal expansion, KT the isothermal bulk modulus for a randomly oriented polycrystalline sample, and V the molar volume. For many materials, the αVKTV product approaches a constant value that is similar to the specific heat at the highest temperatures. The upper bound uses Gruneisen's rule with a constant Gruneisen parameter γ at temperatures >1.3ϑD (were ϑD is the Debye temperature) and experimental data below that temperature. Literature data for the thermophysical properties of α-WC have been reviewed and used in our αVKTV model to calculate a lower bound for the thermal expansion at temperatures >2ϑD and to calculate the temperature dependence of the bulk modulus. The ultrahigh-pressure thermal expansion has been calculated from the lower bound. Model predictions of the thermophysical properties of WC are given for an extended temperature range."

Index of Materials and Properties

Material Number 1: WC

Material Specification and Properties for WC

Material number 1 of 1
in SCD Citation Number: Z00790
Chemical Class: Carbide
Chemical Family: W-C
Formula: WC
Informal Name: tungsten carbide
Structure Type: Polycrystalline
Manufacturer: Typical
Process:

WC

Material number 1 of 1
in SCD Citation Number: Z00790
Bulk Modulus
Temperature
 
( K )
Bulk
Modulus
( GPa )
50 442.83
100 442.82
150 442.80
200 442.70
250 442.44
298 442.02
300 442.00
350 441.36
400 440.53
450 439.53
500 438.38
550 437.09
600 435.67
650 434.15
700 432.54
750 430.84
800 429.07
850 427.23
900 425.33
950 423.39
1000 421.40
1100 417.29
1200 413.05
1300 408.70
1400 404.25
1500 399.73
1600 395.14
1700 390.49
1800 385.80
1900 381.06
2000 376.29
2200 366.65
2400 356.91
2600 347.09
2800 337.20
3000 327.26

Measurement Method: Analysis
Evaluation Status: Validated by models

WC

Material number 1 of 1
in SCD Citation Number: Z00790
Crystal Cell Axes
Axis
 
 
Temperature
 
( K )
Axis Length
 
( Å )
a 50 2.90423
a 100 2.90438
a 150 2.90462
a 200 2.90495
a 250 2.90538
a 298 2.90585
a 300 2.90587
a 350 2.90641
a 400 2.90699
a 450 2.90761
a 500 2.90825
a 550 2.90892
a 600 2.90961
a 650 2.91032
a 700 2.91105
a 750 2.91179
a 800 2.91255
a 850 2.91331
a 900 2.91409
a 950 2.91488
a 1000 2.91567
a 1100 2.91728
a 1200 2.91891
a 1300 2.92056
a 1400 2.92223
a 1500 2.92391
a 1600 2.92560
c 50 2.83525
c 100 2.83536
c 150 2.83554
c 200 2.83580
c 250 2.83613
c 298 2.83651
c 300 2.83653
c 350 2.83698
c 400 2.83748
c 450 2.83801
c 500 2.83858
c 550 2.83917
c 600 2.83978
c 650 2.84040
c 700 2.84104
c 750 2.84168
c 800 2.84234
c 850 2.84300
c 900 2.84367
c 950 2.84434
c 1000 2.84502
c 1100 2.84638
c 1200 2.84776
c 1300 2.84915
c 1400 2.85055
c 1500 2.85196
c 1600 2.85337

Measurement Method: Analysis
Evaluation Status: Validated by models

WC

Material number 1 of 1
in SCD Citation Number: Z00790
Crystal Cell System
Crystal Cell
System
 
hexagonal

Measurement Method: Analysis
Evaluation Status: Validated by models

WC

Material number 1 of 1
in SCD Citation Number: Z00790
Density (mass)
Temperature
 
( K )
Molar
Volume
( cm3/mol )
Density
 
( g cm-3 )
50 12.47 15.71
100 12.47 15.71
150 12.48 15.69
200 12.48 15.69
250 12.49 15.68
298 12.49 15.68
300 12.49 15.68
350 12.50 15.67
400 12.51 15.66
450 12.51 15.66
500 12.52 15.64
550 12.53 15.63
600 12.54 15.62
650 12.55 15.61
700 12.56 15.59
750 12.57 15.58
800 12.57 15.58
850 12.58 15.57
900 12.59 15.56
950 12.60 15.54
1000 12.61 15.53
1100 12.63 15.51
1200 12.65 15.48
1300 12.67 15.46
1400 12.70 15.42
1500 12.72 15.40
1600 12.74 15.37
1700 12.76 15.35
1800 12.78 15.33
1900 12.81 15.29
2000 12.83 15.27
2200 12.88 15.21
2400 12.93 15.15
2600 12.98 15.09
2800 13.03 15.03
3000 13.08 14.97

Measurement Method: Analysis
Evaluation Status: Validated by models

WC

Material number 1 of 1
in SCD Citation Number: Z00790
Elastic Modulus
Temperature
 
( K )
Elastic
Modulus
( GPa )
50 706.75
100 706.75
150 706.71
200 706.55
250 706.14
298 705.47
300 705.43
350 704.41
400 703.09
450 701.50
500 699.65
550 697.59
600 695.33
650 692.90
700 690.33
750 687.62
800 684.79
850 681.86
900 678.83
950 675.73
1000 672.55
1100 665.99
1200 659.23
1300 652.28
1400 645.18
1500 637.97
1600 630.64
1700 623.23
1800 615.73
1900 608.17
2000 600.56
2200 585.17
2400 569.63
2600 553.95
2800 538.17
3000 522.31

Measurement Method: Analysis
Evaluation Status: Validated by models

WC

Material number 1 of 1
in SCD Citation Number: Z00790
Specific Heat
Temperature
 
( K )
Molar Heat
Capacity
( J·mol-1 K-1 )
Specific
Heat
( J kg-1 K-1 )
50 3.12 15.9
100 13.11 66.9
150 20.48 104.6
200 26.47 135.1
250 31.47 160.7
298 35.36 180.5
300 35.52 181.4
350 38.66 197.4
400 40.84 208.5
450 42.45 216.7
500 43.71 223.2
550 44.74 228.4
600 45.60 232.8
650 46.35 236.6
700 47.02 240.1
750 47.62 243.1
800 48.17 245.9
850 48.68 248.5
900 49.16 251.0
950 49.62 253.3
1000 50.05 255.5
1100 50.85 259.6
1200 51.60 263.5
1300 52.30 267.0
1400 52.96 270.4
1500 53.59 273.6
1600 54.18 276.6
1700 54.74 279.5
1800 55.28 282.2
1900 55.79 284.8
2000 56.28 287.3
2200 57.18 291.9
2400 57.98 296.0
2600 58.70 299.7
2800 59.33 302.9
3000 59.88 305.7

Measurement Method: Analysis
Evaluation Status: Validated by models

WC

Material number 1 of 1
in SCD Citation Number: Z00790
Thermal Expansion
Temperature
 
( K )
Thermal
Expansion
( 10-6 K-1 )
50 2.25
100 3.56
150 5.51
200 7.37
250 8.92
298 10.10
300 10.17
350 11.17
400 11.96
450 12.60
500 13.12
550 13.55
600 13.91
650 14.22
700 14.50
750 14.74
800 14.96
850 15.15
900 15.34
950 15.51
1000 15.67
1100 15.98
1200 16.25
1300 16.51
1400 16.76
1500 17.00
1600 17.24
1700 17.47
1800 17.71
1900 17.95
2000 18.18
2200 18.67
2400 19.17
2600 19.70
2800 20.25
3000 20.82

Measurement Method: Analysis
Evaluation Status: Validated by models