NIST Standard Reference Database 30
Last Update to Data Content: 2002
"Thermophysical and Thermochemical Properties of BaO and SrO from 5 to 1000 K," E.H.P. Cordfunke, R.R. van der Laan, and J.C. van Miltenburg, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 55 [1], pp. 77-84 (1994), published by Pergamon Press.Language: English
The authors cite E.H.P. Cordfunke et al., J. Chem. Thermodyn., Vol. 22, 991 (1990), and summarize the procedure as follows. "Two different BaO and SrO samples were prepared... Ba and Sr were determined by complexometric titration with EDTA... X-ray analysis (Guinier camera, CuKα radiation) proved the samples to be phase-pure. Carbonate impurities if present were below the detection limit (less than 0.15%)."
The authors cite J.C. van Miltenburg et al., J. Chem. Thermodyn., Vol. 19, 1129 (1987), and summarize the procedure as follows. "The low-temperature heat capacities from 5 K to 350 K by adiabatic calorimetry and the high-temperature enthalpy increments from 470 K to 877 K by drop calorimetry of BaO and SrO have been measured. From the results smoothed thermochemical and thermophysical functions have been calculated at selected temperatures up to 2000 K. ... The low-temperature heat capacity data were measured in an adiabatic calorimeter (laboratory designation CAL V) over the temperature region 5 K - 350 K. ... The temperature of the sample was measured with an 100 ohm platinum thermometer (Minco encapsulated type, calibrated by Oxford Instruments against IPTS-68). For the measurements 10.2139 g of SrO-16 (corresponding to 0.09857 mol using a molar mass of 103.620 g mol-1) and 15.9346 g of BaO (0.10392 mol with a molar mass of 153.329 g mol-1) was loaded into the calorimeter. The loading and unloading of the calorimeter were performed in an argon-filled glove box (H2O and CO2 < 1 ppm). To facilitate thermal contact between sample and calorimeter, 2.6 kPa (at 300 K) of helium was added after evacuation."
| Table Number |
Series Number |
Temperature ( K ) |
Molar Heat Capacity ( J·mol-1 K-1 ) |
Specific Heat ( J kg-1 K-1 ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1 | 79.59 | 29.96 | 195.4 |
| 2 | 1 | 83.67 | 28.06 | 183.0 |
| 2 | 1 | 87.57 | 29.10 | 189.8 |
| 2 | 1 | 91.34 | 30.08 | 196.2 |
| 2 | 1 | 95.09 | 30.93 | 201.7 |
| 2 | 1 | 98.88 | 31.74 | 207.0 |
| 2 | 1 | 102.69 | 32.60 | 212.6 |
| 2 | 1 | 106.52 | 33.36 | 217.6 |
| 2 | 1 | 110.38 | 34.09 | 222.3 |
| 2 | 1 | 114.26 | 34.79 | 226.9 |
| 2 | 1 | 118.15 | 35.48 | 231.4 |
| 2 | 1 | 122.05 | 36.14 | 235.7 |
| 2 | 1 | 125.98 | 36.70 | 239.4 |
| 2 | 1 | 129.92 | 37.26 | 243.0 |
| 2 | 1 | 133.88 | 37.82 | 246.7 |
| 2 | 1 | 137.85 | 38.33 | 250.0 |
| 2 | 1 | 141.83 | 38.82 | 253.2 |
| 2 | 1 | 145.82 | 39.28 | 256.2 |
| 2 | 1 | 149.82 | 39.74 | 259.2 |
| 2 | 1 | 153.83 | 40.11 | 261.6 |
| 2 | 1 | 157.85 | 40.51 | 264.2 |
| 2 | 1 | 161.87 | 40.90 | 266.7 |
| 2 | 1 | 165.90 | 41.19 | 268.6 |
| 2 | 1 | 169.90 | 41.52 | 270.8 |
| 2 | 1 | 173.87 | 41.83 | 272.8 |
| 2 | 1 | 177.81 | 42.11 | 274.6 |
| 2 | 1 | 181.73 | 42.38 | 276.4 |
| 2 | 1 | 185.62 | 42.66 | 278.2 |
| 2 | 1 | 189.48 | 42.91 | 279.9 |
| 2 | 1 | 193.33 | 43.15 | 281.4 |
| 2 | 1 | 197.15 | 43.38 | 282.9 |
| 2 | 1 | 200.96 | 43.59 | 284.3 |
| 2 | 1 | 204.74 | 43.79 | 285.6 |
| 2 | 1 | 208.51 | 44.01 | 287.0 |
| 2 | 1 | 212.27 | 44.19 | 288.2 |
| 2 | 1 | 216.00 | 44.37 | 289.4 |
| 2 | 1 | 219.73 | 44.55 | 290.6 |
| 2 | 1 | 223.44 | 44.70 | 291.5 |
| 2 | 1 | 227.13 | 44.91 | 292.9 |
| 2 | 1 | 230.82 | 45.05 | 293.8 |
| 2 | 1 | 234.49 | 45.20 | 294.8 |
| 2 | 1 | 238.15 | 45.31 | 295.5 |
| 2 | 1 | 241.79 | 45.47 | 296.6 |
| 2 | 1 | 245.43 | 45.62 | 297.5 |
| 2 | 1 | 249.06 | 45.72 | 298.2 |
| 2 | 1 | 252.67 | 45.83 | 298.9 |
| 2 | 1 | 256.28 | 45.98 | 299.9 |
| 2 | 1 | 259.88 | 46.08 | 300.5 |
| 2 | 1 | 263.47 | 46.24 | 301.6 |
| 2 | 1 | 267.05 | 46.33 | 302.2 |
| 2 | 1 | 270.62 | 46.41 | 302.7 |
| 2 | 1 | 274.18 | 46.50 | 303.3 |
| 2 | 1 | 277.73 | 46.62 | 304.1 |
| 2 | 1 | 281.28 | 46.72 | 304.7 |
| 2 | 1 | 284.82 | 46.77 | 305.0 |
| 2 | 1 | 288.35 | 46.86 | 305.6 |
| 2 | 1 | 291.88 | 47.01 | 306.6 |
| 2 | 1 | 295.39 | 47.03 | 306.7 |
| 2 | 1 | 298.91 | 47.14 | 307.4 |
| 2 | 1 | 302.41 | 47.19 | 307.8 |
| 2 | 1 | 305.92 | 47.25 | 308.2 |
| 2 | 2 | 6.50 | 0.039 | 0.3 |
| 2 | 2 | 8.60 | 0.172 | 1.1 |
| 2 | 2 | 10.41 | 0.294 | 1.9 |
| 2 | 2 | 12.19 | 0.489 | 3.2 |
| 2 | 2 | 14.08 | 0.851 | 5.6 |
| 2 | 2 | 15.90 | 1.31 | 8.5 |
| 2 | 2 | 17.85 | 1.91 | 12.5 |
| 2 | 2 | 20.02 | 2.69 | 17.5 |
| 2 | 2 | 22.34 | 3.61 | 23.5 |
| 2 | 2 | 24.82 | 4.69 | 30.6 |
| 2 | 2 | 27.46 | 5.84 | 38.1 |
| 2 | 2 | 30.14 | 6.99 | 45.6 |
| 2 | 3 | 6.38 | 0.098 | 0.6 |
| 2 | 3 | 8.49 | 0.167 | 1.1 |
| 2 | 3 | 10.56 | 0.301 | 2.0 |
| 2 | 3 | 12.31 | 0.512 | 3.3 |
| 2 | 3 | 14.21 | 0.855 | 5.6 |
| 2 | 3 | 15.93 | 1.34 | 8.7 |
| 2 | 3 | 17.88 | 1.93 | 12.6 |
| 2 | 3 | 20.06 | 2.71 | 17.7 |
| 2 | 3 | 22.38 | 3.64 | 23.7 |
| 2 | 3 | 24.85 | 4.71 | 30.7 |
| 2 | 3 | 27.49 | 5.89 | 38.4 |
| 2 | 3 | 30.16 | 7.13 | 46.5 |
| 2 | 3 | 32.57 | 8.17 | 53.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 34.49 | 9.24 | 60.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 37.26 | 10.48 | 68.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 39.94 | 11.75 | 76.6 |
| 2 | 4 | 42.85 | 13.08 | 85.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 45.84 | 14.42 | 94.0 |
| 2 | 4 | 48.90 | 15.76 | 102.8 |
| 2 | 4 | 52.05 | 17.12 | 111.7 |
| 2 | 4 | 55.27 | 18.45 | 120.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 58.56 | 19.75 | 128.8 |
| 2 | 4 | 61.90 | 21.05 | 137.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 65.31 | 22.28 | 145.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 68.78 | 23.50 | 153.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 72.29 | 24.76 | 161.5 |
| 2 | 4 | 75.71 | 25.45 | 166.0 |
| 2 | 4 | 78.98 | 26.72 | 174.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 82.11 | 27.61 | 180.1 |
| 2 | 4 | 85.13 | 28.45 | 185.5 |
| 2 | 4 | 88.05 | 29.18 | 190.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 90.90 | 29.92 | 195.1 |
| 2 | 4 | 93.68 | 30.42 | 198.4 |
| 2 | 4 | 96.39 | 31.14 | 203.1 |
| 2 | 5 | 102.36 | 32.53 | 212.2 |
| 2 | 5 | 105.70 | 33.21 | 216.6 |
| 2 | 5 | 109.29 | 33.91 | 221.2 |
| 2 | 5 | 113.18 | 34.61 | 225.7 |
| 2 | 5 | 117.07 | 35.29 | 230.2 |
| 2 | 5 | 120.98 | 35.97 | 234.6 |
| 2 | 5 | 124.90 | 36.55 | 238.4 |
| 2 | 5 | 128.85 | 37.13 | 242.2 |
| 2 | 5 | 132.81 | 37.69 | 245.8 |
| 2 | 5 | 136.78 | 38.21 | 249.2 |
| 2 | 5 | 140.75 | 38.70 | 252.4 |
| 2 | 5 | 144.74 | 39.20 | 255.7 |
| 2 | 5 | 148.74 | 39.62 | 258.4 |
| 2 | 5 | 152.74 | 40.05 | 261.2 |
| 2 | 5 | 156.75 | 40.41 | 263.6 |
| 2 | 5 | 160.78 | 40.76 | 265.8 |
| 2 | 5 | 164.81 | 41.13 | 268.2 |
| 2 | 5 | 168.82 | 41.45 | 270.3 |
| 2 | 5 | 172.80 | 41.73 | 272.2 |
| 2 | 5 | 176.75 | 42.03 | 274.1 |
| 2 | 5 | 180.67 | 42.30 | 275.9 |
| 2 | 5 | 184.57 | 42.57 | 277.6 |
| 2 | 5 | 188.44 | 42.79 | 279.1 |
| 2 | 5 | 192.29 | 43.05 | 280.8 |
| 2 | 5 | 196.12 | 43.30 | 282.4 |
| 2 | 5 | 199.93 | 43.51 | 283.8 |
| 2 | 5 | 203.72 | 43.74 | 285.3 |
| 2 | 5 | 207.50 | 43.95 | 286.6 |
| 2 | 5 | 211.25 | 44.13 | 287.8 |
| 2 | 5 | 215.00 | 44.31 | 289.0 |
| 2 | 5 | 218.72 | 44.52 | 290.4 |
| 2 | 5 | 222.43 | 44.69 | 291.5 |
| 2 | 5 | 226.13 | 44.84 | 292.4 |
| 2 | 5 | 229.82 | 45.00 | 293.5 |
| 2 | 5 | 233.49 | 45.13 | 294.3 |
| 2 | 5 | 237.15 | 45.29 | 295.4 |
| 2 | 5 | 240.80 | 45.41 | 296.2 |
| 2 | 5 | 244.44 | 45.53 | 296.9 |
| 2 | 5 | 248.07 | 45.65 | 297.7 |
| 2 | 5 | 251.69 | 45.80 | 298.7 |
| 2 | 5 | 255.29 | 45.94 | 299.6 |
| 2 | 5 | 258.89 | 46.05 | 300.3 |
| 2 | 5 | 262.48 | 46.15 | 301.0 |
| 2 | 5 | 266.06 | 46.24 | 301.6 |
| 2 | 5 | 269.63 | 46.37 | 302.4 |
| 2 | 5 | 273.20 | 46.47 | 303.1 |
| 2 | 5 | 276.75 | 46.58 | 303.8 |
| 2 | 5 | 280.30 | 46.67 | 304.4 |
| 2 | 5 | 283.83 | 46.75 | 304.9 |
| 2 | 5 | 287.36 | 46.83 | 305.4 |
| 2 | 5 | 290.88 | 46.93 | 306.1 |
| 2 | 5 | 294.40 | 47.00 | 306.5 |
| 2 | 5 | 297.91 | 47.08 | 307.1 |
| 2 | 6 | 304.76 | 47.22 | 308.0 |
| 2 | 6 | 307.92 | 47.28 | 308.4 |
| 2 | 6 | 311.27 | 47.32 | 308.6 |
| 2 | 6 | 314.76 | 47.39 | 309.1 |
| 2 | 6 | 318.25 | 47.47 | 309.6 |
| 2 | 6 | 321.73 | 47.53 | 310.0 |
| 2 | 6 | 325.20 | 47.61 | 310.5 |
| 2 | 6 | 328.68 | 47.68 | 311.0 |
| 2 | 6 | 332.13 | 47.73 | 311.3 |
| 2 | 6 | 335.58 | 47.78 | 311.6 |
| 2 | 6 | 339.03 | 47.85 | 312.1 |
| 2 | 6 | 342.47 | 47.91 | 312.5 |
| 2 | 6 | 345.91 | 47.95 | 312.7 |
| 2 | 6 | 349.35 | 47.99 | 313.0 |
| 2 | 6 | 352.79 | 48.06 | 313.4 |
| 2 | 6 | 356.22 | 48.08 | 313.6 |
| 2 | 6 | 359.65 | 48.15 | 314.0 |
| 2 | 6 | 363.07 | 48.22 | 314.5 |
| 2 | 6 | 366.50 | 48.24 | 314.6 |
| 5 | a | 298.15 | 47.060 | 306.9 |
| 5 | a | 300 | 47.107 | 307.2 |
| 5 | a | 400 | 49.239 | 321.1 |
| 5 | a | 500 | 50.801 | 331.3 |
| 5 | a | 600 | 51.990 | 339.1 |
| 5 | a | 700 | 52.894 | 345.0 |
| 5 | a | 800 | 53.568 | 349.4 |
| 5 | a | 900 | 54.054 | 352.5 |
| 5 | a | 1000 | 54.390 | 354.7 |
| 5 | a | 1100 | 54.610 | 356.2 |
| 5 | a | 1200 | 54.747 | 357.1 |
| 5 | a | 1300 | 54.834 | 357.6 |
| 5 | a | 1400 | 54.904 | 358.1 |
| 5 | a | 1500 | 54.987 | 358.6 |
| 5 | a | 1600 | 55.116 | 359.5 |
| 5 | a | 1700 | 55.322 | 360.8 |
| 5 | a | 1800 | 55.636 | 362.9 |
| 5 | a | 1900 | 56.090 | 365.8 |
| 5 | a | 2000 | 56.715 | 369.9 |
| Table Number |
Series Number |
Temperature ( K ) |
Molar Heat Capacity ( J·mol-1 K-1 ) |
Specific Heat ( J kg-1 K-1 ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1 | 7.70 | 0.069 | 0.666 |
| 2 | 1 | 11.41 | 0.102 | 0.984 |
| 2 | 1 | 13.56 | 0.145 | 1.40 |
| 2 | 1 | 15.23 | 0.218 | 2.10 |
| 2 | 1 | 16.95 | 0.343 | 3.31 |
| 2 | 1 | 18.83 | 0.469 | 4.53 |
| 2 | 1 | 20.76 | 0.695 | 6.71 |
| 2 | 1 | 22.75 | 0.961 | 9.27 |
| 2 | 1 | 24.82 | 1.30 | 12.5 |
| 2 | 1 | 26.98 | 1.74 | 16.8 |
| 2 | 1 | 29.24 | 2.24 | 21.6 |
| 2 | 1 | 31.59 | 2.76 | 26.6 |
| 2 | 2 | 6.34 | 0.0484 | 0.467 |
| 2 | 2 | 8.79 | 0.0473 | 0.456 |
| 2 | 2 | 11.09 | 0.091 | 0.878 |
| 2 | 2 | 13.05 | 0.123 | 1.19 |
| 2 | 2 | 14.88 | 0.225 | 2.17 |
| 2 | 2 | 16.79 | 0.341 | 3.29 |
| 2 | 2 | 18.83 | 0.468 | 4.52 |
| 2 | 2 | 21.03 | 0.711 | 6.86 |
| 2 | 2 | 23.28 | 1.05 | 10.1 |
| 2 | 2 | 25.66 | 1.47 | 14.2 |
| 2 | 2 | 28.19 | 2.00 | 19.3 |
| 2 | 2 | 30.86 | 2.64 | 25.5 |
| 2 | 3 | 32.79 | 3.10 | 29.9 |
| 2 | 3 | 35.59 | 3.92 | 37.8 |
| 2 | 3 | 38.13 | 4.66 | 45.0 |
| 2 | 3 | 40.82 | 5.52 | 53.3 |
| 2 | 3 | 43.65 | 6.42 | 62.0 |
| 2 | 3 | 46.56 | 7.37 | 71.1 |
| 2 | 3 | 49.56 | 8.37 | 80.8 |
| 2 | 3 | 52.64 | 9.43 | 91.0 |
| 2 | 3 | 55.80 | 10.48 | 101.1 |
| 2 | 3 | 59.04 | 11.59 | 111.9 |
| 2 | 3 | 62.34 | 12.70 | 122.6 |
| 2 | 3 | 65.70 | 13.80 | 133.2 |
| 2 | 3 | 69.12 | 14.92 | 144.0 |
| 2 | 3 | 72.60 | 16.21 | 156.4 |
| 2 | 3 | 76.14 | 16.93 | 163.4 |
| 2 | 3 | 79.72 | 18.26 | 176.2 |
| 2 | 3 | 83.21 | 19.30 | 186.3 |
| 2 | 3 | 86.55 | 20.29 | 195.8 |
| 2 | 3 | 89.77 | 21.22 | 204.8 |
| 2 | 3 | 92.89 | 21.89 | 211.3 |
| 2 | 3 | 95.91 | 22.80 | 220.0 |
| 2 | 4 | 89.39 | 21.14 | 204.0 |
| 2 | 4 | 93.48 | 22.08 | 213.1 |
| 2 | 4 | 97.45 | 23.35 | 225.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 101.28 | 24.25 | 234.0 |
| 2 | 4 | 105.07 | 25.24 | 243.6 |
| 2 | 4 | 108.89 | 26.16 | 252.5 |
| 2 | 4 | 112.74 | 27.04 | 261.0 |
| 2 | 4 | 116.60 | 27.89 | 269.2 |
| 2 | 4 | 120.48 | 28.75 | 277.5 |
| 2 | 4 | 124.38 | 29.50 | 284.7 |
| 2 | 4 | 128.29 | 30.26 | 292.0 |
| 2 | 4 | 132.22 | 31.00 | 299.2 |
| 2 | 4 | 136.16 | 31.69 | 305.8 |
| 2 | 4 | 140.11 | 32.36 | 312.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 144.07 | 33.03 | 318.8 |
| 2 | 4 | 148.05 | 33.65 | 324.7 |
| 2 | 4 | 152.03 | 34.26 | 330.6 |
| 2 | 4 | 156.03 | 34.83 | 336.1 |
| 2 | 4 | 160.03 | 35.36 | 341.2 |
| 2 | 4 | 164.05 | 35.89 | 346.4 |
| 2 | 4 | 168.08 | 36.42 | 351.5 |
| 2 | 4 | 172.11 | 36.86 | 355.7 |
| 2 | 4 | 176.14 | 37.33 | 360.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 180.18 | 37.75 | 364.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 184.23 | 38.16 | 368.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 188.27 | 38.55 | 372.0 |
| 2 | 4 | 192.30 | 38.92 | 375.6 |
| 2 | 4 | 196.31 | 39.29 | 379.2 |
| 2 | 4 | 200.29 | 39.61 | 382.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 204.24 | 39.97 | 385.7 |
| 2 | 4 | 208.17 | 40.29 | 388.8 |
| 2 | 4 | 212.09 | 40.58 | 391.6 |
| 2 | 4 | 215.98 | 40.86 | 394.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 219.85 | 41.15 | 397.1 |
| 2 | 4 | 223.70 | 41.45 | 400.0 |
| 2 | 4 | 227.54 | 41.71 | 402.5 |
| 2 | 4 | 231.36 | 41.97 | 405.0 |
| 2 | 4 | 235.16 | 42.16 | 406.9 |
| 2 | 4 | 238.95 | 42.41 | 409.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 242.72 | 42.64 | 411.5 |
| 2 | 4 | 246.48 | 42.85 | 413.5 |
| 2 | 4 | 250.23 | 43.01 | 415.1 |
| 2 | 4 | 253.97 | 43.22 | 417.1 |
| 2 | 4 | 257.69 | 43.43 | 419.1 |
| 2 | 4 | 261.40 | 43.60 | 420.8 |
| 2 | 4 | 265.10 | 43.77 | 422.4 |
| 2 | 4 | 268.79 | 43.95 | 424.1 |
| 2 | 4 | 272.46 | 44.11 | 425.7 |
| 2 | 4 | 276.13 | 44.27 | 427.2 |
| 2 | 4 | 279.79 | 44.44 | 428.9 |
| 2 | 4 | 283.44 | 44.56 | 430.0 |
| 2 | 4 | 287.07 | 44.71 | 431.5 |
| 2 | 4 | 290.70 | 44.86 | 432.9 |
| 2 | 4 | 294.32 | 44.98 | 434.1 |
| 2 | 4 | 297.93 | 45.11 | 435.3 |
| 2 | 4 | 301.54 | 45.23 | 436.5 |
| 2 | 4 | 305.14 | 45.35 | 437.7 |
| 2 | 5 | 310.52 | 45.47 | 438.8 |
| 2 | 5 | 314.05 | 45.57 | 439.8 |
| 2 | 5 | 317.63 | 45.69 | 440.9 |
| 2 | 5 | 321.20 | 45.80 | 442.0 |
| 2 | 5 | 324.77 | 45.90 | 443.0 |
| 2 | 5 | 328.33 | 46.01 | 444.0 |
| 2 | 5 | 331.88 | 46.09 | 444.8 |
| 2 | 5 | 335.41 | 46.20 | 445.9 |
| 2 | 5 | 338.94 | 46.24 | 446.2 |
| 2 | 5 | 342.47 | 46.36 | 447.4 |
| 2 | 5 | 345.99 | 46.42 | 448.0 |
| 2 | 5 | 349.51 | 46.49 | 448.7 |
| 2 | 5 | 353.03 | 46.58 | 449.5 |
| 2 | 5 | 356.54 | 46.65 | 450.2 |
| 2 | 5 | 360.05 | 46.73 | 451.0 |
| 2 | 5 | 363.56 | 46.84 | 452.0 |
| 2 | 5 | 367.06 | 46.87 | 452.3 |
| 5 | b | 298.15 | 45.150 | 435.7 |
| 5 | b | 300 | 45.208 | 436.3 |
| 5 | b | 400 | 47.686 | 460.2 |
| 5 | b | 500 | 49.375 | 476.5 |
| 5 | b | 600 | 50.581 | 488.1 |
| 5 | b | 700 | 51.440 | 496.4 |
| 5 | b | 800 | 52.034 | 502.2 |
| 5 | b | 900 | 52.425 | 505.9 |
| 5 | b | 1000 | 52.669 | 508.3 |
| 5 | b | 1100 | 52.814 | 509.7 |
| 5 | b | 1200 | 52.910 | 510.6 |
| 5 | b | 1300 | 53.003 | 511.5 |
| 5 | b | 1400 | 53.139 | 512.8 |
| 5 | b | 1500 | 53.364 | 515.0 |
| 5 | b | 1600 | 53.724 | 518.5 |
| 5 | b | 1700 | 54.264 | 523.7 |
| 5 | b | 1800 | 55.028 | 531.1 |
| 5 | b | 1900 | 56.062 | 541.0 |
| 5 | b | 2000 | 57.412 | 554.1 |