NIST Standard Reference Database 138
Last Update to Data Content: 1998
Reference: NIST Structural Ceramics Database
Other material collections: Property Data Summaries
Other Toughness materials
[Ref. 1] [Ref. 2] [Ref. 3] [Ref. 4] [Ref. 5]
Manufacturer........: Union Carbide Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Material Designation: Sapphire Sapphire Sapphire Sapphire Sapphire
Material Form.......: Single Crystal Single Crystal Polycrystal Single Crystal Single Crystal
Composition.........: Al2O3 Al2O3 Al2O3 Al2O3 Al2O3
Processing..........:
[1] J. J. Mecholsky, S. W. Freiman, and R. W. Rice, "Fracture Surface Analysis of Ceramics" Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 11, 1310-1319 (1976).
[2] M. Iwasa and T. Ueno, "Fracture Toughness of Quartz and Sapphire Single Crystals at Room Temperature" Zairyo, Vol. 30, No. 337, pp. 1001-1004 (1981).
[3] S. W. Wiederhorn, "Fracture of Sapphire" Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 52, No. 9, pp. 485-491 (1969).
[4] G. R. Anstis, P. Chantikul, B. R. Lawn, and D. B. Marshall, "A Critical Evaluation of Indentation Techniques for Measuring Fracture Toughness: I, Direct Crack Measurements" Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 64, No. 9, pp. 533-538 (1981).
[5] A. G. Evans and E. A. Charles, "Fracture Toughness Determinations by Indentation" Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 59, No. 7-8, pp. 371-372 (1976).
Temperature = 23 °C
Grain Porosity Fracture Fracture Measurement Measurement Comments
Size Toughness Energy Method Environment
[µm] [%] [MPa·m1/2] [J/m2]
------ -------- ------------ --------- ----------- ----------- --------------------------------
7 AMDCB air Ref. 1; {10-10} plane; E=340 GPa
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4.54 CF air Ref. 2; KIC-plane (0001), direction [11-20]
3.14 CF KIC-plane (1-100), direction [0001]
2.38 CF KIC-plane (1-102), direction [11-20]
2.43 CF KIC-plane (1-120), direction [0001]
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7.3 DCB N2 Ref. 3; {10-10} plane
6.0 DCB {-1012} plane
E=31 GPa; perpendicular to
{10-10} plane
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1.89 ICS air Ref. 4; E=425 GPa
2.55 IS
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2.1 ICS dry N2 Ref. 5; Material hot-pressed with MgO;
H = 23 GPa
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