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Journal Reference: References Cited in NISTIR 6853

References are cited in the compilation by Reference Number (Nbr.). The complete list of references in NISTIR 6853 is given in the following table.

Nbr.	Reference Citation
1	S. Timoshenko, Theory of Elasticity, McGraw-Hill, New York (1934).
2	R. Hooke, De Potentia Restitutiva, London (1678).
3	T. Young, On the Equilibrium and Strength of Elastic Substances, Mathematical Elements of Natural Philosophy, Vol. II of Dr. Young's Lectures , Section IX, p. 46 (1807).
4	C. A. Coulomb, Theoretical and Experimental Researches on the Force of Torsion and on the Elasticity of Metal Wires, Histoire de l'Academie des Sciences, Year 1784 , pp. 229-269 (1787).
5	ASTM, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.
6	G. Pickett, Equations for Computing Elastic Constants from Flexural and Torsional Resonant Frequencies of Vibration of Prisms and Cylinders, American Society for Testing and Materials, Proceedings, Vol. 45, pp. 846-865 (1945).
7	S. Spinner and W. E. Tefft, A Method for Determining Mechanical Resonance Frequencies and for Calculating Elastic Moduli from These Frequencies, American Society for Testing and Materials, Proceedings, Vol. 61, pp. 1221-1238 (1961).
8	G. Roebben, B. Bollen, A. Brebels, J. Van Humbeeck, and O. Van der Biest, Impulse Excitation Apparatus to Measure Resonant Frequencies, Elastic Moduli, and Internal Friction at Room and High Temperature, Reviews of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 68, No. 12, pp. 4511-4515 (1997).
9	J. T. Richards, An Evaluation of Several Static and Dynamic Methods for Determiing Elastic Moduli, ASTM STP No. 129, American Society for Testing Materials, Philadelphia, pp. 71-98 (1952).
10	S. Spinner and R. C. Valore, Jr., Comparison of Theoretical and Empirical Relations Between the Shear Modulus and Torsional Resonance Frequencies for Bars of Rectangular Cross Section, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 459-464 (1958).
11	S. Spinner, T. W. Reichard, and W. E. Tefft, A Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Relations Between Young's Modulus and the Flexural and Longitudinal Resonance Frequencies of Uniform Bars, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Vol. 64A, No. 2, pp. 147-155 (1960).
12	J. S. Smith, M. D. Wyrick, and J. M. Poole, An Evaluation of Three Techniques for Determining the Young's Modulus of Mechanically Alloyed Materials, ASTM STP 1045, edited by A. Wolfenden, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp. 195-207 (1990).
13	A. Wolfenden, M. R. Harmouche, G. V. Blessing, Y. T. Chen, P. Terranova, V. Dayal, V. K. Kinra, J. W. Lemmens, R. R. Phillips, J. S. Smith, P. Mahmoodi, and R. J. Wann, Dynamic Young's Modulus Measurements in Metallic Materials: Results of an Interlaboratory Testing Program, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 2-13 (1989).
14	R. W. Dickson and J. B. Wachtman, Jr., An Alumina Standard Reference Material for Resonance Frequency and Dynamic Elastic Moduli Measurement, I. For Use at 25 °C, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Vol. 75A, No. 3, pp. 155-162 (1971).
15	R. W. Rice, Porosity of Ceramics, Marcel Dekker, New York (1998).
16	S. M. Lang, Properties of High-Temperature Ceramics and Cermets, Elasticity and Density at Room Temperature, Monograph 6, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. (1960).
17	O. L. Anderson, Determination and Some Uses of Isotropic Elastic Constants of Polycrystalline Aggregates Using Single-Crystal Data, Physical Acoustics, Vol. 3B, pp. 43-95 (1965).
18	O. L. Anderson, E. Schreiber, and R. C. Liebermann, Some Elastic Constant Data on Minerals Relevant to Geophysics, Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 491-524 (1968).
19	O. L. Anderson, D. Isaak, and H. Oda, High-Temperature Elastic Constant Data on Minerals Relevant to Geophysics, Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 57-90 (1992).
20	R. W. Rice, Relation of Tensile Strength-Porosity Effects in Ceramics to Porosity Dependence of Young's Modulus and Fracture Energy, Porosity Character and Grain Size, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. A112, pp. 215-224 (1989).
21	R. W. Rice, The Porosity Dependence of Physical Properties of Materials: A Summary Review, Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 115, pp. 1-20 (1995).
22	R. W. Rice, Evaluation and Extension of Physical Property-Porosity Models Based on Minimum Solid Area, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 31, pp. 102-118 (1996).
23	R. G. Munro, Mechanical Properties, Handbook of Superconductivity, edited by C. P. Poole, Academic Press, New York, pp. 570-625 (1999).
24	R. G. Munro and S. W. Freiman, Correlation of Fracture Toughness and Strength, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 2246-2248 (1999).
25	M. Born and K. Huang, Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices, Oxford University, New York (1954).
26	J. B. Wachtman, Jr., W. E. Tefft, D. G. Lam, Jr., and C. S. Apstein, Physical Review, Vol. 122, No. 6, pp. 1754-1759 (1961).
27	O. L. Anderson, Derivation of Wachtman's Equation for the Temperature Dependence of Elastic Moduli of Oxide Compounds, Physical Review, Vol. 144, No. 2, pp. 553-557 (1966).
28	W. Kreher, J. Ranachowski, and F. Rejmund, Ultrasonic Waves in Porous Ceramics With Non-Spherical Holes, Ultrasonics, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 70-74 (1977).
29	E. A. Dean, Elastic Moduli of Porous Sintered Materials as Modeled by a Variable-Aspect-Ratio Self-Consistent Oblate-Spheroidal-Inclusion Theory, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 66, No. 12, pp. 847-854 (1983).
30	N. Ramakrishnan and V. S. Arunachalam, Effective Elastic Moduli of Porous Solids, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 25, pp. 3930-3937 (1990).
31	D. N. Boccaccini and A. R. Boccaccini, Dependence of Ultrasonic Velocity on Porosity and Pore Shape in Sintered Materials, Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 187-192 (1997).
32	A. R. Boccaccini and Z. Fan, A New Approach for the Young's Modulus-Porosity Correlation of Ceramic Materials, Ceramics International, Vol. 23, pp. 239-245 (1997).
33	F. Wang, W. Gou, X. Zheng, and M. Lu, Effective Elastic Moduli of Ceramics with Pores, Journal of Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 14, pp. 286-288 (1998).
34	R. W. Rice, Comparison of Stress Concentration versus Minimum Solid Area Based on Mechanical Property-Porosity Relations, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 28, pp. 2187-2190 (1993).
35	R. W. Rice, Comparison of Physical Property-Porosity Behaviour with Minimum Solid Area Models, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 31, pp. 1509-1528 (1996).
36	A. K. Mukhopadhyay and K. K. Phani, Young's Modulus-Porosity Relations: an Analysis Based on a Minimum Contact Area Model, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 33, pp. 69-72 (1998).
37	A. K. Mukhopadhyay and K. K. Phani, Ultrasonic Velocity-Porosity Relations: An Analysis Based on a Minimum Contact Area Model, Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 18, pp. 1759-1760 (1999).
38	A. K. Mukhopadhyay and K. K. Phani, An Analysis of Microstructural Parameters in the Minimum Contact Area Model for Ultrasonic Velocity-Porosity Relations, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 20, pp. 29-38 (2000).
39	D. G. Bika, M. Gentzler, and J. N. Michaels, Mechanical Properties of Agglomerates, Powder Technology, Vol. 117, pp. 98-112 (2001).
40	A. P. Roberts and E. J. Garboczi, Elastic Properties of Model Porous Ceramics, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 83, No. 12, pp. 3041-3048 (2000).
41	A. P. Roberts and E. J. Garboczi, Elastic Moduli of Model Random Three-Dimensional Closed-Cell Cellular Solids, Acta Materialia, Vol. 49, pp. 189-197 (2001).
42	J. M. Dewey, The Elastic Constants of Materials Loaded with Non-Rigid Fillers, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 18, pp. 578-581 (1947).
43	J. K. Mackenzie, Elastic Constants of a Solid Containing Spherical Holes, Proceedings of the Physical Society, Section B, Vol. 63, pp. 2-11 (1950).
44	R. M. Spriggs and T. Vasilos, Effect of Grain Size and Porosity on the Transverse Bend Strength and Elastic Modulus of Hot Pressed Alumina and Magnesia, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 40, No. 4, pg. 187 (1961).
45	D. P. H. Hasselman, On the Porosity Dependence of the Elastic Moduli of Polycrystalline Refractory Materials, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 45, pp. 452-453 (1962).
46	O. Ishai and L. J. Cohen, Elastic Properties of Filled and Porous Epoxy Composites, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 9, pp. 539-546 (1967).
47	J. C. Wang, Young's Modulus of Porous Materials, Part 1, Theoretical Derivation of Modulus-Porosity Correlation, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 19, pp. 801-808 (1984).
48	K. K. Phani and S. K. Niyogi, Young's Modulus of Porous Brittle Solids, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 22, pp. 257-263 (1987).
49	A. S. Wagh, R. B. Poeppel, and J. P. Singh, Open Pore Description of Mechanical Properties of Ceramics, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 26, pp. 3862-3868 (1991).
50	M. Kupkova, Porosity Dependence of Material Elastic Moduli, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 28, pp. 5265-5268 (1993).
51	A. R. Boccaccini, G. Ondracek, P. Mazilu, and D. Windelberg, On the Effective Young's Modulus of Elasticity for Porous Materials: Microstructure Modelling and Comparison Between Calculated and Experimental Values, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Vol. 4, pp. 119-128 (1993).
52	B. Budiansky, On the Elastic Moduli of Some Heterogeneous Materials, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol. 13, pp. 223-227 (1965).
53	E. A. Dean and J. A. Lopez, Empirical Dependence of Elastic Moduli on Porosity for Ceramic Materials, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 366-370 (1983).
54	K. K. Phani, Young's Modulus- Porosity Relation in Gypsum Systems, American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 65, No. 12, pp. 1584-1586 (1986).
55	K. K. Phani, Elastic-Constant-Porosity Relations for Polycrystalline Thoria, Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 5, pp. 747-750 (1986).
56	K. K. Phani and S. K. Niyogi, Porosity Dependence of Ultrasonic Velocity and Elastic Modulus in Sintered Uranium Dioxide, Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 5, pp. 427-430 (1986).
57	K. K. Phani and S. K. Niyogi, Elastic Modulus-Porosity Relation in Polycrystalline Rare-Earth Oxides, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 70, No. 12, pp. C-362 - C-366 (1987).
58	N. Ramakrishnan and V. S. Arunachalam, Effective Elastic Moduli of Porous Ceramic Materials, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 76, pp. 2745-2752 (1993).
59	L. J. Gibson and M. F. Ashby, The Mechanics of Three-Dimensional Cellular Materials, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Vol. A382, pp. 43-59 (1982).
60	R. G. Munro, Effective Medium Theory of the Porosity Dependence of Bulk Moduli, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 84, No. 5, pp. 1190-1192 (2001).
61	A. Migliori, T. Chen, B. Alavi, and G. Grüner, Ultrasound Anomaly at T_c in YBa₂Cu₃O_y , Solid State Communications, Vol. 63, No. 9, pp. 827-829 (1987).
62	Y. Horie, Y. Terashi, H. Fukuda, T. Fukami, and S. Mase, Ultrasonic Studies of the High T_c Superconductor Y₂Ba₄Cu₆O₁₄ , Solid State Communications, Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 501-504 (1987).
63	G. Cannelli, R. Cantelli, F. Cordero, G. A. Costa, M. Ferretti, and G. L. Olcese, Anelastic Relaxation in the High-T_c Superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x , Physical Review B, Vol. 36, No. 16, pp. 8907-8909 (1987).
64	S. Ewert, S. Guo, P. Lemmens, F. Stellmach, J. Wynants, G. Arlt, D. Bonnenberg, H. Kliem, A. Comberg, and H. Passing, Ultrasonic Investigations on Superconducting YBa₂Cu₃O_7-(delta) Samples of Different Microstructure, Solid State Communications, Vol. 64, No. 8, pp. 1153-1156 (1987).
65	Y. He, B. Zhang, S. Lin, J. Xiang, Y. Lou, and H. Chen, Ultrasonic Investigation of Lattice Instability and Superconductivity in High-T_c Systems, Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics, Vol. 17, pp. L243-L248 (1987).
66	S. Bhattacharya, M. J. Higgins, D. C. Johnston, A. J. Jacobson, J. P. Stokes, D. P. Goshorn, and J. T. Lewandowski, Elastic Anomalies and Phase Transitions in High-T_c Superconductors, Physical Review Letters, Vol. 60, No. 12, pp. 1181-1184 (1988).
67	M. Suzuki, Y. Okuda, I. Iwasa, A. J. Ikushima, T. Takabatake, Y. Nakazawa, and M. Ishikawa, Sound Velocity and Attenuation in YBa₂Cu₃O_y , Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. L308-L310 (1988).
68	M. Saint-Paul, J. L. Tholence, P. Monceau, H. Noel, J. C. Levet, M. Potel, P. Gougeon, and J. J. Capponi, Ultrasound Study of YBa₂Cu₃O_7-(delta) Single Crystals, Solid State Communications, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 641-643 (1988).
69	S. Bhattacharya, M. J. Higgins, D. C. Johnston, A. J. Jacobson, J. P. Stokes, J. T. Lewandowski, and D. P. Goshorn, Anomalous Ultrasound Propagation in High-T_c Superconductors: La_1.8Sr_0.2CuO_4-y and YBa₂Cu₃O_7-(delta), Physical Review B, Vol. 37, No. 10, pp. 5901-5904 (1988).
70	S. Hoen, L. C. Bourne, C. M. Kim, and A. Zettl, Elastic Response of Polycrystalline and Single-Crystal YBa₂Cu₃O₇, Physical Review B, Vol. 38, No. 16, pp. 11949-11951 (1988).
71	X. D. Shi, R. C. Yu, Z. Z. Wang, N. P. Ong, and P. M. Chaikin, Sound Velocity and Attenuation in Single-Crystal YBa₂Cu₃O_7-(delta), Physical Review B, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 827-830 (1989).
72	P. K. Choi, H. Koizumi, K. Takagi, and T. Suzuki, Anomalies of Ultrasonic Velocity in High-T_c Ceramics YBa₂Cu₃O_y and BiSrCaCu₂O_y , Solid State Communications, Vol. 70, No. 12, pp. 1175-1178 (1989).
73	N.N. Ault and H.F.G. Ueltz, Sonic Analysis for Solid Bodies, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 199-203 (1953).
74	R.L. Coble and W.D. Kingery, Effect of Porosity on Physical Properties of Sintered Alumina, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 39, No. 11, pp. 377-385 (1956).
75	J.B. Wachtman,Jr. and D.G. Lam,Jr., Young's Modulus of Various Refractory Materials as a Function of Temperature, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 254-260 (1959).
76	F.P. Knudsen, Effect of Porosity on Young's Modulus of Alumina, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 94-95 (1962).
77	R.M. Spriggs, J.B. Mitchell, and T. Vasilos, Mechanical Properties of Pure, Dense Aluminum Oxide as a Function of Temperature and Grain Size, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 47, No. 7, pp. 323-327 (1964).
78	D.B. Binns and P. Popper, Mechanical Properties of Some Commerical Alumina Ceramics, Proceedings of the British Ceramic Society, Vol. 6, pp. 71-82 (1966).
79	E. Schreiber and O.L. Anderson, Pressure Derivatives of the Sound Velocities of Polycrystalline Alumina, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 49, pp. 184-190 (1966).
80	N. Soga and O.L. Anderson, High-Temperature Elastic Properties of Polycrystalline MgO and Al₂O₃, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 49, No. 7, pp. 355-359 (1966).
81	D.H. Chung and G. Simmons, Pressure and Temperature Dependences of the Isotropic Elastic Moduli of Polycrystalline Alumina, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 39, No. 11, pp. 5316-5326 (1968).
82	A. Nagarajan, Ultrasonic Study of Elasticity-Porosity Relationship in Polycrystalline Alumina, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 42, No. 10, pp. 3693-3696 (1971).
83	J.C. Wang, Young's Modulus of Porous Materials, Part 2, Young's Modulus of Porous Alumina with Changing Pore Structure, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 19, pp. 809-814 (1984).
84	C.C. Wu and R.W. Rice, Porosity Dependence of Wear and Other Mechanical Properties of Fine-Grain Al₂O₃ and B₄C, Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Vol. 6, pp. 977-993 (1985).
85	H. Hagiwara and D.J. Green, Elastic Behavior of Open-Cell Alumina, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 70, No. 11, pp. 811-815 (1987).
86	T. Goto and O.L. Anderson, Elastic Constants of Corundum up to 1825 K, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, No. B6, pp. 7588-7602 (1989).
87	D.J. Green, C. Nader, and R. Brezny, The Elastic Behavior of Partially-Sintered Alumina, Ceramic Transactions, Vol. 7, pp. 345-356 (1990).
88	J. Kubler, Weibull Characterization of Four Hipped/Posthipped Engineering Ceramics Between Room Temperature and 1500 °C, Report Number: EMPA-Nr. 129'747, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, pp. 1-88 (1992).
89	D.C. Lam, F.F. Lange, and A.G. Evans, Mechanical Properties of Partially Dense Alumina Produced from Powder Compacts, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 77, No. 8, pp. 2113-2117 (1994).
90	J. Piekarczyk, J. Lis, and J. Bialoskorski, Elastic Properties, Hardness and Indentation Fracture Toughness of (beta)-Sialons, Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 89, pp. 541-546 (1994).
91	K. S. Tan, P. Hing, and P. Ramalingam, The Elastic Moduli and Diametrical Compressive Fracture Stress of Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ Ceramics, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 30, pp. 1029-1037 (1997).
92	A. Wolfenden, Measurement and Analysis of Elastic and Anelastic Properties of Alumina and Silicon Carbide, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 32, pp. 2275-2282 (1997).
93	B.D. Flinn, R.K. Borida, A. Zimmermann, and J. Rodel, Evolution of Defect Size and Strength of Porous Alumina During Sintering, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 20, pp. 2561-2568 (2000).
94	D. Dierickx, I. Houben, J. Lapin, F. Delannay, O. Van Der Biest, Dense Polycrystalline BaZrO₃ Substrates for YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x Melt Processing, Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 15, pp. 1573-1576 (1996).
95	K.C. Goretta, E.T. Park, R.E. Koritala, M.M. Cuber, E.A. Pascual, N. Chen, A.R. de Arellano-Lopez, and J.L. Routbort, Thermomechanical Response of Polycrystalline BaZrO₃, Physica C, Vol. 309, pp. 245-250 (1998).
96	B. A. Chandler, E. C. Duderstadt, and J. F. White, Fabrication and Properties of Extruded and Sintered BeO, Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 329-347 (1963).
97	R.E. Fryxell and B.A. Chandler, Creep, Strength, Expansion, and Elastic Moduli of Sintered BeO as a Function of Grain Size, Porosity, and Grain Orientation, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 283-291 (1964).
98	Y. He, J. Xiang, S. Jin, A. He, and J. Zhang, Ultrasonic Investigation of the Layered Perovskite Ceramic Superconducting Systems, Physica B, Vol. 165&166, pp. 1283-1284 (1990).
99	R. R. Reddy, M. Muralidhar, V. H. Babu, and P. V. Reddy, The Relationship Between the Porosity and Elastic Moduli of the Bi-Pb-2212 High-T_c Superconductor, Superconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 8, pp. 101-107 (1995).
100	M. Muralidhar, K.N. Kishore, Y. V. Ramana, and V. H. Babu, Elastic and Plastic Behaviour of Lead and Silver Doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors, Materials Science and Engineering B, Vol. 13, pp. 215-219 (1992).
101	S. Satyavathi, M. Muralidhar, V. H. Babu, R. R. Reddy, and P. V. Reddy, Elastic Behaviour of Bi-Pb-Ag-Ca₂CuO₃ Superconducting Composite Materials, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 209, pp. 329-335 (1994).
102	R .J. Topare, K. Ganesh, N. K. Sahuji, S. S. Shah, and P. V. Reddy, Elastic Anomalies in Bi-Pb-2223/Ag Superconducting Composite Materials, Physica C, Vol. 253, pp. 89-96 (1995).
103	O. O. Oduleye, S. J. Penn, and N. McN. Alford, The Mechanical Properties of (Bi-Pb)SrCaCuO, Superconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 858-865 (1998).
104	W. R. Manning, M. O. Marlowe, and D. R. Wilder, Temperature and Porosity Dependence of Young's Modulus of Polycrystalline Dysprosium Oxide and Erbium Oxide, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 227-228 (1966).
105	W. R. Manning, O. Hunter, Jr., and B. R. Powell, Jr., Elastic Properties of Polycrystalline Yttrium Oxide, Dysprosium Oxide, Holmium Oxide, and Erbium Oxide: Room Temperature Measurements, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 52, No. 8, pp. 436-442 (1969).
106	W. R. Manning and O. Hunter, Jr., Elastic Properties of Polycrystalline Yttrium Oxide, Holmium Oxide, and Erbium Oxide: High-Temperature Measurements, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 52, No. 9, pp. 492-496 (1969).
107	A. A. Sharif, F. Chu, A. Mirsa, T. E. Mitchell, and J. J. Petrovic, Elastic Constants of Erbia Single Crystals, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 83, No. 9, pp. 2246-2250 (2000).
108	J. A. Haglund and O. Hunter,Jr., Elastic Properties of Polycrystalline Monoclinic Gd₂O₃, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 56, No. 6, pp. 327-330 (1973).
109	S. L. Dole, O. Hunter,Jr., and C. J. Wooge, Elastic Properties of Monoclinic Hafnium Oxide at Room Temperature, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 60, No. 11, pp. 488-490 (1977).
110	R. W. Scheidecker, O. Hunter,Jr., and F. W. Calderwood, Elastic Properties of Partially-Stabilized HfO₂ Compositions, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 14, pp. 2284-2288 (1979).
111	S. L. Dole, O. Hunter, Jr., and F. W. Calderwood, Elastic Properties of Stabilized HfO₂ Compositions, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 136-139 (1980).
112	S. L. Dole and O. Hunter, Jr., Elastic Properties of Hafnium and Zirconium Oxides Stabilized with Praseodymium or Terbium Oxide, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. C-47-C-49 (1983).
113	G. W. Crabtree, J. W. Downey, B. K. Flandermeyer, J. D. Jorgensen, T. E. Klippert, D. S. Kupperman, W. K. Kwok, D. J. Lam, A. W. Mitchell, A. G. McKale, M. V. Nevitt, L. J. Nowicki, A. P. Paulikas, R. B. Poeppel, S. J. Rothman, J. L. Roubort, J. P. Singh, C. H. Sowers, A. Umezawa, B. W. Veal, and J. E. Baker, Fabrication, Mechanical Properties, Heat Capacity, Oxygen Diffusion, and the Effect of Alkali Earth Ion Substitution on High T_c Superconductors, Advanced Ceramic Materials, Vol. 2, No. 3B, pp. 444-456 (1987).
114	A. J. Zaleski and J. Klamut, Penetration Depth in Magnetically Oriented, Ceramic, Ni- and Zn-doped La_2-xSr_xCuO₄, Physica C, Vol. 282, pp. 1463-1464 (1997).
115	W. R. Manning and O. Hunter, Jr., Elastic Properties of Polycrystalline Thulium Oxide and Lutetium Oxide from 20 °C to 1000 °C, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 279-280 (1970).
116	O. Hunter, Jr. and G. E. Graddy, Jr., Porosity Dependence of Elastic Properties of Polycrystalline Cubic Lu₂O₃, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 82-82 (1976).
117	D. F. Porter, J. S. Reed, and D. Lewis, Elastic Moduli of Refractory Spinels, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 60, No. 7, pp. 345-349 (1977).
118	R. L. Stewart and R. C. Bradt, Fracture of Polycrystalline MgAl₂O₄, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 63, No. 11, pp. 619-623 (1980).
119	A. Ghosh, K. W. White, M. G. Jenkins, A. S. Kobayashi, and R. C. Bradt, Fracture Resistance of a Transparent Magnesium Aluminate Spinel, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 74, No. 7, pp. 1624-1630 (1991).
120	K. W. White and G. P. Kelkar, Fracture Mechanisms of a Coarse-Grained, Transparent MgAl₂O₄ at Elevated Temperatures, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 75, No. 12, pp. 3440-3444 (1992).
121	C. Baudin, R. Martinez, and P. Pena, High-Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Stoichiometric Magnesium Spinel, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 78, No. 7, pp. 1857-1862 (1995).
122	K. R. Janowski and R. C. Rossi, Elastic Behavior of MgO Matrix Composites, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 50, No. 11, pp. 599-603 (1967).
123	N. Soga and E. Schreiber, Porosity Dependence of Sound Velocity and Poisson's Ratio for Polycrystalline MgO Determined by Resonant Sphere Method, Vol. 51, No. 8, pp. 465-466 (1968).
124	Y. Sumino, O. L. Anderson, and I. Suzuki, Temperature Coefficients of Elastic Constants of Single Crystal MgO between 80 K and 1300 K, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 9, pp. 38-47 (1983).
125	D. G. Isaak, O. L. Anderson, and T. Goto, Measured Elastic Moduli of Single-Crystal MgO up to 1800 K, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 16, pp. 704-713 (1989).
126	R. A. Penty, D.P.H. Hasselman, and R. M. Spriggs, Young's Modulus of High-Density Polycrystalline Mullite, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 169-170 (1972).
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Elastic Moduli Data for Polycrystalline Ceramics

NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) 6853

Database Reference: NIST Structural Ceramics Database, SRD Database Number 30

Journal Reference:

Elastic Moduli Data for Polycrystalline Ceramics, R. G. Munro, NISTIR 6853, (2002),
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899.

Other materials: Elastic Moduli Data

Other materials Properties: Property Data Summaries

YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x { yttrium barium copper oxide, Y:123, YBCO }

Key to the Symbols: T = temperature, d = density, p = volume fraction of porosity, *V_L* = longitudinal sound velocity,
*V_S* = shear sound velocity, E = elastic modulus, G = shear modulus, B = bulk modulus, nu = Poisson's ratio.
Ref. Nbr.	Exhibit Type	Exhibit Number	Value Type	Measurement Method	Matl. Nbr.	T [°C]	d [g/cm³]	p [%]	V_L [km/s]	V_S [km/s]	E [GPa]	G [GPa]	B [GPa]	nu	Table Notes
98	Table	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		27	5.69		4.242	2.599	92.2	38.4		0.2	1
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-261					95.76814	40.17408	51.66592	0.191
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-255					95.7036	40.17408	51.66592	0.19112
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-237					95.63906	40.1472	51.63008	0.19112
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-233					95.58374	40.12416	51.59936	0.19112
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-228					95.52842	40.12416	51.56352	0.19112
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-224					95.52842	40.12416	51.50208	0.19086
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-216					95.46388	40.07424	51.43552	0.19086
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-207					95.34402	40.02432	51.43552	0.1911
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-204					95.2887	40.02432	51.39968	0.1911
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-188					95.11352	39.8784	51.39968	0.1916
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-172					94.8738	39.80544	51.33312	0.19198
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-157					94.6433	39.68256	51.26656	0.19234
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-149					94.52344	39.65952	51.16928	0.19234
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-137					94.34826	39.53664	51.16928	0.19296
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-124					94.11776	39.41376	51.2	0.19372
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-100					93.52768	39.14496	51.16416	0.19522
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-76					93.122	38.92608	51.12832	0.1967
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-50					92.76242	38.73408	51.18976	0.19796
98	Graph	2	x	ultrasonic velocity		-26					92.53192	38.56128	51.34848	0.19946

113	Table	I	x	ultrasonic velocity		23	5.22				86	35

155	Text		x	mass & dimensions		23	5.985
155	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-68			4.009	2.501	88.5	37.4	46.3	0.182
155	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-87			4.035	2.504	89.1	37.5	47.4	0.187
155	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-109			4.059	2.525	90.4	38.2	47.7	0.184
155	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-129			4.064	2.544	91.2	38.7	47.2	0.178
155	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-147			4.064	2.55	91.5	38.9	47	0.175
155	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-163			4.064	2.553	91.6	39	46.8	0.174
155	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-183			4.06	2.554	91.6	39	46.6	0.173
155	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-200			4.055	2.553	91.4	39	46.4	0.172
155	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-223			4.081	2.562	92.3	39.3	47.3	0.175
155	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-237			4.1	2.568	92.9	39.5	48	0.177
155	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-268			4.121	2.583	94	40	48.4	0.176

156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.011			66
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.011			97
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.02			130
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.01			141
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.01			162
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.023			169
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.05			139
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.093			103
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.11			121
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.11			131
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.131			143
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.13			119
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.18			96
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.18			101
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.18			105
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.18			108
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.178			117
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.189			108
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.191			106
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.19			98
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.199			95
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.207			91
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.236			79
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.234			89
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.236			95
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.238			99
156	Graph	5	x	bending		23		0.234			108

158	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		22	5.199		4.067	2.507	78	32.7	42.4	0.194	2
158	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		22	5.985		4.537	2.893	116	50.1	56.4	0.157	2

159	Graph	2b	x	ult. pulse echo		23					51
159	Graph	2b	x	ult. pulse echo		23					54
159	Graph	2b	x	ult. pulse echo		23					60
159	Graph	2b	x	ult. pulse echo		23					62
159	Graph	2b	x	ult. pulse echo		23					74
159	Graph	2b	x	ult. pulse echo		23					82
159	Graph	2b	x	ult. pulse echo		23					96
159	Graph	2b	x	ult. pulse echo		23					104
159	Graph	2b	x	ult. pulse echo		23					103

160	Table	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.215				8.4	3.28	6.43	0.28
160	Table	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.386				11.3	4.42	8.49	0.279
160	Table	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.4				23.7	11.2	8.87	0.058
160	Table	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.408				18.7	7.92	9.74	0.18
160	Table	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.444				12.2	4.7	10.19	0.298
160	Table	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.709				20.5	8.05	15.2	0.273
160	Table	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.985				25.3	10.6	13.7	0.193
160	Table	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.993				63.9	26.2	38	0.219
160	Graph	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.215		1.86	1.02
160	Graph	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.386		2.1	1.17
160	Graph	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.4		2.66	1.83
160	Graph	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.408		2.46	1.55
160	Graph	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.444		2.18	1.19
160	Graph	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.709		2.63	1.51
160	Graph	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.985		2.67	1.66
160	Graph	1	x	ult. pulse echo		23	3.993		4.29	2.57

161	Table	II	x	ultrasonic velocity		23	5.58		4.59	2.54	92	36	69	0.279

162	Table	III	x	ultrasonic velocity		22	6.07	0.042	4.283	2.717	104.2	44.8	51.6	0.163
162	Table	III	x	ultrasonic velocity		10			4.29	2.726	104.8	45.1	51.6	0.161
162	Table	III	x	ultrasonic velocity		6			4.295	2.733	105.2	45.3	51.5	0.16
162	Table	III	x	ultrasonic velocity		0			4.3	2.736	105.4	45.4	51.7	0.16
162	Table	III	x	ultrasonic velocity		-5			4.309	2.736	105.6	45.4	52.1	0.162
162	Table	III	x	ultrasonic velocity		-10			4.318	2.744	106.2	45.7	52.2	0.161
162	Table	III	x	ultrasonic velocity		-15			4.322	2.751	106.5	45.9	52.2	0.159
162	Table	III	x	ultrasonic velocity		-20			4.333	2.755	107	46.9	52.5	0.16

163	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		23	5.15	0.211	4.076	2.55	85.5	34.2	57		3,4
163	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		23	5.45	0.165	4.122	2.65	92.2	38.13	50.9		5
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-198			2.63						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-192			2.62						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-189			2.52						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-188			2.47						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-187			2.39						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-187			2.3						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-186			2.14						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-181			2.02						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-176			2.03						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-173			2.08						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-171			2.12						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-168			2.16						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-164			2.2						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-161			2.28						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-157			2.33						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-150			2.43						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-145			2.51						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-140			2.56						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-133			2.6						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-127			2.6						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-122			2.61						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-117			2.61						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-113			2.63						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-107			2.65						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-100			2.7						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-94			2.76						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-89			2.84						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-84			2.94						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-81			3						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-79			3.07						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-76			3.13						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-73			3.19						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-70			3.34						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-67			3.45						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-67			3.52						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-61			3.57						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-56			3.56						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-52			3.54						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-50			3.47						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-49			3.38						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-47			3.24						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-46			3.11						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-46			2.96						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-43			2.88						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-41			2.78						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-39			2.69						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-32			2.66						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-26			2.64						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-14			2.63						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	-8			2.63						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	0			2.64						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	4			2.64						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	12			2.64						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	16			2.64						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	22			2.63						4
163	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y1	27	5.15	0.211	2.64						4
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-196			2.08						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-187			2.11						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-181			2.13						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-172			2.15						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-164			2.19						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-154			2.25						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-147			2.21						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-140			2.24						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-133			2.34						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-122			2.36						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-117			2.38						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-112			2.47						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-105			2.65						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-104			2.84						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-99			3						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-99			3.25						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-97			3.54						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-92			3.91						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-89			4.11						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-86			4.28						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-79			4.52						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-73			4.65						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-67			4.75						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-60			4.81						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-53			4.82						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-44			4.82						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-39			4.7						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-35			4.59						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-31			4.47						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-30			4.33						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-28			4.08						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-25			3.71						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-20			3.55						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-19			3.3						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-14			3.14						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-7			3.12						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	-1			3.14						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	5			3.08						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	12			3.08						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	21			3.07						5
163	Graph	4	x	ultrasonic velocity	Y2	27	5.45	0.165	3.11						5

164	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		22	5.56		4.657	2.59	95.2	37.3	70.8	0.276	6
164	Graph	1a	x	ultrasonic velocity		-253	5.56		4.8
164	Graph	1a	x	ultrasonic velocity		-222	5.56		4.794
164	Graph	1a	x	ultrasonic velocity		-196	5.56		4.783
164	Graph	1a	x	ultrasonic velocity		-164	5.56		4.773
164	Graph	1a	x	ultrasonic velocity		-136	5.56		4.757
164	Graph	1a	x	ultrasonic velocity		-108	5.56		4.741
164	Graph	1a	x	ultrasonic velocity		-84	5.56		4.727
164	Graph	1a	x	ultrasonic velocity		-56	5.56		4.71
164	Graph	1a	x	ultrasonic velocity		-36	5.56		4.694
164	Graph	1a	x	ultrasonic velocity		-12	5.56		4.68
164	Graph	1a	x	ultrasonic velocity		7	5.56		4.666
164	Graph	1a	x	ultrasonic velocity		23	5.56		4.658
164	Graph	1b	x	ultrasonic velocity		-253	5.56			2.67
164	Graph	1b	x	ultrasonic velocity		-222	5.56			2.667
164	Graph	1b	x	ultrasonic velocity		-192	5.56			2.664
164	Graph	1b	x	ultrasonic velocity		-170	5.56			2.658
164	Graph	1b	x	ultrasonic velocity		-143	5.56			2.652
164	Graph	1b	x	ultrasonic velocity		-119	5.56			2.645
164	Graph	1b	x	ultrasonic velocity		-91	5.56			2.637
164	Graph	1b	x	ultrasonic velocity		-62	5.56			2.629
164	Graph	1b	x	ultrasonic velocity		-36	5.56			2.618
164	Graph	1b	x	ultrasonic velocity		-15	5.56			2.61
164	Graph	1b	x	ultrasonic velocity		1	5.56			2.602
164	Graph	1b	x	ultrasonic velocity		21	5.56			2.592

165	Table	3	x	ultrasonic velocity		23	4.1		2.74	1.45	31.15	8.62		0.3	7

166	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		22		0.131			113.7	45.6	75.1	0.248	8
166	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity		-73		0.131			116.5	46.7	76.7	0.247
166	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity		-173		0.131			119.5	48	78.2	0.246
166	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity		-198		0.131			120.2	48.3	78.4	0.245
166	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity		-223		0.131			120.9	48.6	78.7	0.244
166	Graph	3	x	ultrasonic velocity		-248		0.131			121.2	48.7	78.9	0.244

167	Table	3	x	flexural resonance		23	4.7	0.26			48.51

168	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		23	5.344	0.165	4.153	2.671	87.3	38.1
168	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		23	5.248	0.18	4.036	2.552	78.7	34.2
168	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		23	5.12	0.2	3.247	2.124	51.5	23.1
168	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		23	5.056	0.21	3.268	1.912	45.8	18.5
168	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		23	4.864	0.24	3.041	1.779	38.2	15.4
168	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		23	4.544	0.29	2.735	1.658	30.2	12.5
168	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		23	3.968	0.38	2.749	1.634	25.9	10.6

169	Table	I	x	ultrasonic velocity	1	22	5.47	0.13	3.74	2.2	65.3	26.4	41.4	0.237
169	Table	I	x	ultrasonic velocity	2	22	5.365	0.15	4.57	2.73	97.9	40.1	58.5	0.221
169	Table	I	x	ultrasonic velocity	3	22	5.56	0.12	4.657	2.59	95.2	37.3	70.8	0.276

170	Table	2	x	ult. pulse echo		23	4.98	0.221	4.55	2.63		35	57
170	Table	2	x	ult. pulse echo		23	4.74	0.258	4.36	2.54		31	50
170	Table	2	x	ult. pulse echo		23	4.7	0.265	4.22	2.44		28	46
170	Table	2	x	ult. pulse echo		23	4.24	0.337	3.88	2.3		22	34
170	Table	2	x	ult. pulse echo		23	4.01	0.373	3.32	2.02		16	22

171	Table	1	x	bending		23	5.82	0.088			128
171	Table	1	x	bending		23	5.95	0.067			130
171	Table	1	x	bending		23	6.01	0.058			100

172	Table	1	x	bending (3-pt)		23		0.05			97.2
172	Table	1	x	bending (3-pt)		23		0.06			81.1
172	Table	1	x	bending (3-pt)		23		0.07			62.6
172	Table	1	x	bending (3-pt)		23		0.15			51.4
172	Table	1	x	bending (3-pt)		23		0.16			74.4
172	Table	1	x	bending (3-pt)		23		0.25			32
172	Table	1	x	bending (3-pt)		23		0.29			22
172	Table	1	x	bending (3-pt)		23		0.31			19

173	Table	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		23	5.963	0.036	5.139	3.222	145.5	61.9
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-193			5.78
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-188			5.78
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-183			5.78
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-178			5.78
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-173			5.77
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-163			5.74
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-153			5.7
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-138			5.68
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-128			5.67
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-118			5.62
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-108			5.59
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-98			5.58
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-88			5.57
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-83			5.54
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-78			5.52
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-68			5.49
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-58			5.45
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-48			5.4
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-38			5.37
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-33			5.34
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-23			5.29
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-13			5.28
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		-8			5.23
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		2			5.2
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		17			5.16
173	Graph	1	x	ultrasonic velocity		27	5.963	0.036	5.14

           ===== Table Notes =====

           1: Critical temperature = 90 K.
           2: Y:123 with O_6.8.
           3: Critical temperature = 83 K.
           4: The tabulated value of V_L at room temperature differs from value reported in Fig. 3.
           5: The tabulated value of V_L at room temperature differs from value reported in Fig. 4.
           6: Y:123 with O_6.94.
           7: Authors reported d_xtal = 6.632 g/cm³, but their lattice parameters yield 6.37 g/cm³ for Y:123 with O_6.957.
           8: Y:123 with O_6.85.

Elastic Moduli Data for Polycrystalline Ceramics

YBa2Cu3O7-x { yttrium barium copper oxide, Y:123, YBCO }

YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x { yttrium barium copper oxide, Y:123, YBCO }