IUPAC-NIST Solubility Database
NIST Standard Reference Database 106

Glass Ball as Bullet Solubility System: Toluene with Seawater
Components:
   (1) Seawater; ; []  NIST Chemistry WebBook for detail
   (2) Toluene; C7H8; [108-88-3]  NIST Chemistry WebBook for detail
Evaluator:
   D.G. Shaw, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska USA. December 1982.

 Critical Evaluation:
   The solubility of toluene (1) in seawater (2) at 298 K has been reported as follows:

At 298 K and a salinity of 35 g salts/kg sln, the values of Mackay and Shiu, Sutton and Calder, and Price are in very good agreement. Each group of workers has also determined the solubility of toluene in pure water and obtained results within experimental error of the value recommended in this volume. Therefore, the mean of the reported values, 3.87 x 10-2 g(1)/100 g sln, is accepted as the recommended value at the indicated temperature and salinity. Mackay and Shiu measured solubility over a range of salinities and reported their data in terms of the Setschenow equation. Their values may be used to interpolate solubilities at other salinities up to 200 g salts/kg sln.

Brown et al. (ref 1) determined the solubility of toluene in seawater at a salinity of 34.42 g salts/kg sln over the temperature range 273 to 293 K. Linear extrapolation by the evaluator of these results to 298 K gives a value of 3.80 x 10-2 g(1)/100 g sln. This suggests that the results of Brown et al. may be consistent with the recommended value. The values reported by Sada et al. and by Rossi and Thomas are in poorer agreement with the remaining data.



Experimental Data:   (Notes on the Nomenclature)
Table 1. Solubility of Toluene (1) in Seawater (2) at 298 K
AuthorReferenceSol. PowerSolubilitySalinityMethod
Mackay and Shiu223.79 g(1)/100 g sln35.0 g salts/kg slnGLC
Sada et al.323.48 g(1)/100 g sln28.72 g salts/kg slnCloud Point
Sutton and Calder423.793 g(1)/100 g sln34.5 g salts/kg slnGLC
Price524.02 g(1)/100 g sln34.47 g salts/kg slnGLC
Rossi and Thomas624.2 g(1)/100 g sln35 g salts/kg slnGLC
Table 2. Solubility of Toluene (1) in Seawater (2) Recommended Value
T/KSolubilitySolx10(**)Salinity
2983.87 × 10–2 g(1)/100 g sln-235 g salts/kg sln
 References: (Click a link to see its experimental data associated with the reference)
   1  Brown, R.L.; Wasik, S.P., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stds. A. 1974, 78, 453-60.
   2  Mackay, D.; Shiu, W.Y., Can. J. Chem. Eng. 1975, 53, 239-42.
   3  Sada, E.; Kito, S.; Ito, Y., J. Chem. Eng. Data 1975, 20, 373-5.
   4  Sutton, C.; Calder, J.A., J. Chem. Eng. Data 1975, 20, 320-2.
   5  Price, L.C., Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 1976, 60, 213-44.
   6  Rossi, S.S.; Thomas, W.H., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1981, 15, 715-6.