The 1,1,1,-trichloroethane (1) and
water (2) binary system is treated in two parts; part 1 is 1,1,1-trichloro-ethane
(1) in water (2) and part 2 is water (2) in 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1).
Part 1. The solubility of
1,1,1-trichloroethane (1) in water (2) has been studied by 25 groups of workers
over the temperature interval from 273.15 to 323.15 K. The experimental data
of most investigators are sufficiently reliable to use in the smoothing equation.
However, the data of some workers were not used for the smoothing equation for
a variety of reasons. The measured solubility of McConnell et al.,1
Pearson and McConnell,2 Archer and Stevens,3 Coca and
Diaz,4 Hutchinson et al.,5 and McNally and
Grob6 are markedly lower than the solubility values calculated from
the smoothing equation and are therefore rejected. The measurements of Schwarz
and Miller7 and Warner et al.8 are several per
cent higher than the smoothed solubility values and are also rejected.
The remaining data of van Arkel and
Vles,9 O'Connell,10 Walraevens et al.,11
Chiou and Freed,12 Sato and Nakijima,13 Schwarz,14
Veith et al.,15 Banerjee et al.,16 Leighton
and Calo,17 Hunter-Smith et al.,18 Orlandini et
al.,19 Lincoff and Gossett,20 Munz,21 Barr
and Newsham,22 Gossett ,23 Howe et al.,24
and Wright et al.,25 were compiled or used for the smoothing
equation. The combined data of 17 laboratories were used to obtain the following
mass percent (1) equation:
Solubility [100 w1] = 1.09092 – 6.52776 × 10–3 (T/K) + 1.10747 × 10–5 (T/K)2,
which showed a standard deviation of 1.71 × 10–2 in the temperature range from
273 to 323 K.
The measurements and the curve obtained
from the smoothing equation are shown in Fig. 13. A solubility minimum calculated
from the above regression equation is 0.129 [100 w1] at 294.71
K. Additional details concerning the solubility minimum for aqueous hydrocarbon
systems are discussed in the Preface.
The recommended solubility values at 5 K intervals for 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1) in water (2) are presented in Table 1.
Part 2. The solubility of
water (2) in 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1) has been measured by 8 groups of workers
with reasonably consistent results. The reported solubilities cover the temperature
range from 273.15 to 323.15 K.
All the available data for water
solubility in 1,1,1-trichloroethane are considered for fitting a correlating
equation with the following exclusions. Both results of Lees and Sarram26
and Archer and Stevens3 are rejected because they are significantly
higher than later studies. The remaining data of 6 laboratories are in good
agreement and the correlated values are recommended. These data of Staverman,27
Coca and Diaz,4 O'Connell,10 Ohtsuka and Kazama,28
Orlandini et al.,19 and Barr and Newsham,22 were
used for the smoothing equation:
log10 x2 = 0.43885 – 909.536/(T/K).
This equation represents the combinad
data with a standard deviation of 9.62 × 10–2 in the temperature range from 273 to 323 K. The recommended values of solubility at 5 K intervals for water (2) in 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1) are presented in Table 2.
Measured values and the curve obtained
from the smoothing equation for solubility expressed as log10 x2
versus the reciprocal of absolute temperature are shown in Fig. 14.
The linear relation between the solubility
expressed as log10 x2 versus 1/(T/K) is
illustrated in Fig. 14. Such straight line plots are characteristic for water
solubility in halogenated hydrocarbons as discussed in the Preface.