IUPAC-NIST Solubility Database
NIST Standard Reference Database 106

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 Solubility System: 1-Butanol with Toluene and Water

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Components:
   (1) Water; H2O; [7732-18-5]  NIST Chemistry WebBook for detail
   (2) 1-Butanol (n-butanol, butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol); C4H10O; [71-36-3]  NIST Chemistry WebBook for detail
   (3) Toluene (methylbenzene); C7H8; [108-88-3]  NIST Chemistry WebBook for detail

Original Measurements:
   Fuoss, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 65, 78 (1943).

Variables:
   Temperature = 303 K

Prepared By:
   A. Skrzecz

Experimental Data:   (Notes on the Nomenclature)
  

Compositions along the saturation curve

t/°C	T/K	Mass Fraction w1	Mass Fraction w2	Mole Fraction x1 (compiler)	Mole Fraction x2 (compiler)
30.0	303.15	0.1966	0.7918	0.2231	0.7228
30.0	303.15	0.1995	0.7886	0.2260	0.7186
30.0	303.15	0.3833	0.5835	0.3874	0.4745
30.0	303.15	0.5101	0.4349	0.4696	0.3221
30.0	303.15	0.6072	0.3142	0.5131	0.2136
30.0	303.15	0.6771	0.2199	0.5299	0.1384
30.0	303.15	0.7371	0.1277	0.5280	0.0736
30.0	303.15	0.7724	0.0632	0.5151	0.0339
30.0	303.15	0.7938	0.0000	0.4834	0.0000
30.0	303.15	0.0732	0.9241	0.0884	0.8981
30.0	303.15	0.1977	0.7908	0.2244	0.7219
30.0	303.15	0.3865	0.5797	0.3897	0.4701
30.0	303.15	0.5603	0.3746	0.4961	0.2668
30.0	303.15	0.6711	0.2279	0.5284	0.1444
30.0	303.15	0.7614	0.0846	0.5204	0.0465
30.0	303.15	0.7938	0.0000	0.4834	0.0000
30.0	303.15	0.0732	0.9241	0.0884	0.8981
30.0	303.15	0.1494	0.8433	0.1742	0.7908
30.0	303.15	0.1976	0.7904	0.2238	0.7202
30.0	303.15	0.2745	0.7091	0.3008	0.6252
30.0	303.15	0.3385	0.6345	0.3526	0.5317
30.0	303.15	0.4800	0.4709	0.4525	0.3571
30.0	303.15	0.5607	0.3730	0.4946	0.2647
30.0	303.15	0.6175	0.3009	0.5166	0.2025
30.0	303.15	0.6753	0.2227	0.5300	0.1406
30.0	303.15	0.7061	0.1779	0.5323	0.1079
30.0	303.15	0.7473	0.1104	0.5257	0.0625
30.0	303.15	0.7788	0.0412	0.5016	0.0213
30.0	303.15	0.7938	0.0000	0.4834	0.0000

Compositions of coexisting phases

t/°C	T/K	Mass Fraction w1	Mass Fraction w2	Mole Fraction x1 (compiler)	Mole Fraction x2 (compiler)	Comment(s)
30.0	303.15	0.010	0.990	0.012	0.988	organic-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.020	0.980	0.025	0.975	organic-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.030	0.970	0.037	0.963	organic-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.040	0.959	0.049	0.946	organic-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.050	0.948	0.061	0.929	organic-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.100	0.896	0.119	0.861	organic-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.200	0.788	0.226	0.718	organic-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.300	0.677	0.319	0.580	organic-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.400	0.565	0.401	0.455	organic-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.500	0.446	0.463	0.332	organic-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.600	0.322	0.509	0.220	organic-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.700	0.186	0.531	0.114	organic-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.750	0.101	0.519	0.056	organic-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.794	0.000	0.484	0.000	organic-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.0085	0.0000	0.0021	0.0000	water-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.0155	0.0000	0.0038	0.0000	water-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.0200	0.0000	0.0049	0.0000	water-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.0235	0.0000	0.0058	0.0000	water-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.0255	0.0000	0.0063	0.0000	water-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.0320	0.0000	0.0080	0.0000	water-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.0375	0.0000	0.0094	0.0000	water-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.0415	0.0000	0.0104	0.0000	water-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.0455	0.0000	0.0115	0.0000	water-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.0500	0.0000	0.0126	0.0000	water-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.0540	0.0000	0.0137	0.0000	water-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.0585	0.0000	0.0149	0.0000	water-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.0635	0.0000	0.0162	0.0000	water-rich phase
30.0	303.15	0.0710	0.0000	0.0182	0.0000	water-rich phase

Method/Apparatus/Procedure:
   The conductance method (set A) was used to obtain compositions along the saturation curve. Weighed mixtures of about 150 g of toluene and butanol in glass-stoppered Erlenmeyer flasks were placed in a thermostat and portions of water, containing a trace (<0.5%) of HCI, were added. As long as water dissolves in the organic phase, its conductance increases. With the appearance of an aqueous phase the conductance of the organic phase drops on further  addition of water, because the aqueous phase extracts HCI from the organic phase. Set B and set C present the compositions of the saturated organic phase used for refractive index (on an Abbe refractometer) and density (in 25 mL pyknometer) measurements. The refractive index and density of binary butanol-water mixtures were measured in similar way. Solubility of toluene in the butanol-water mixture was  estimated to be about 0.03% and its effect on density and refractive index of aqueous phase was assumed to be negligible. Large scale plots of composition functions for refractive index and density were used to determine the compositions of phases in equilibrium. To determine equilibrium, the mixture of three components were shaken together and after separation samples of both phases were taken for density and refractive index measurements.

Source and Purity of Materials:
   (1) Source not specified, c.p. products; distilled; densities and refractive indexes were in agreement with "International Critical Tables".
   (2) Source not specified, c.p. products; distilled; densities and refractive indexes were in agreement with "International Critical Tables".
   (3) Not specified.

Estimated Errors:
   Solubility: Not reported.
   Temperature: Not reported.

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Last updated: February 18, 2015 (Created: August 17, 2007)