IUPAC-NIST Solubilities Database

IUPAC-NIST Solubility Database
NIST Standard Reference Database 106

Solubility System: Biphenyl with Water

Components:
   (1) Water; H2O; [7732-18-5]  NIST Chemistry WebBook for detail
   (2) Biphenyl; C12H10; [92-52-4]  NIST Chemistry WebBook for detail

Evaluator:
   G.T. Hefter, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, W.A., Australia. June 1986.

Critical Evaluation:

   Quantitative solubility data for biphenyl (1) in water (2) have been reported in the publications listed in Table 1. No data have been reported on the solubility of water in biphenyl.

The original data in all of these publications are compiled in the Data Sheets immediately following this Critical Evaluation. In addition Brollos et al. (ref 3) have studied the liquid-liquid phase equilibria in the biphenyl-water system at high temperatures and pressures, and Ben-Naim et al. (ref 5) have reported free energies of solution of biphenyl in D₂O. All the available data on the solubility of biphenyl in water are summarized in Table 2 with the exception of the 298K data of Andrews and Keefer (ref 1) and Banerjee et al. (ref 8) which are substantially (>3σ_n) lower than all other values at this temperature (ref 2,4,6,7) and are therefore rejected. The data of Ben Naim et al. (ref 5) expressed as free energies of solution have also been excluded.

In general the remaining data are in excellent agreement enabling values to be Recommended over a wide range of temperature. The data from Table 2 are also plotted in Figure 1.

Experimental Data:   (Notes on the Nomenclature)

Table 1. Quantitative Solubility Studies of Biphenyl (1) in Water (2)
Author	T/K	T/KNote	Reference	Method
Andrews and Keefer	298	-	1	spectrophotometric
Bohon and Claussen	274-316	-	2	spectrophotometric
Wauchope and Getzen	273-348	-	4	spectrophotometric
Ben-Naim et al.	283-323	a	5	spectrophotometric
Eganhouse and Calder	298	-	6	GLC
Mackay and Shiu	298	-	7	spectrofluorometric
Banerjee et al.	298	-	8	HPLC

Table 2. Recommended (R) and Tentative Values of the Solubility of Biphenyl (1) in Water (2)
T/K	Reference	Sol. Power	Solubility	Sol. Note	Best Sol. Power	Best Solubility	Best Sol. Note	x₁ Power	x₁	x₁ Note
273	2, 4	4	2.80*, 2.64 10⁴ g(1)/100g sln	a	4	2.72 ± 0.08 (R) g(1)/100g sln	b	7	3.2 (R)	b
283	2	4	4.06 10⁴ g(1)/100g sln	a	4	4.1 g(1)/100g sln	b	7	4.8	b
293	2	4	6.25* 10⁴ g(1)/100g sln	a	4	6.3 g(1)/100g sln	b	7	7.4	b
298	2, 4, 6, 7	4	7.48, 7.08, 7.45, 7.0 10⁴ g(1)/100g sln	a	4	7.2 ± 0.2 (R) g(1)/100g sln	b	7	8.4 (R)	b
303	2, 4	4	9.4, 8.8 10⁴ g(1)/100g sln	a	4	9.1 ± 0.3 (R) g(1)/100g sln	b	7	10.6 (R)	b
313	2, 4	4	15.1, 13.7 10⁴ g(1)/100g sln	a	4	14.4 ± 0.7 (R) g(1)/100g sln	b	7	16.8 (R)	b
323	4	4	22.0 10⁴ g(1)/100g sln	a	4	22 g(1)/100g sln	b	7	26	b
333	4	4	37.1* 10⁴ g(1)/100g sln	a	4	37 g(1)/100g sln	b	7	43	b

View Figure 1 for this Evaluation

Notes:
Table 1^a  Solubility on D₂O also reported.
Table 2^a  Values marked with an asterisk (*) were obtained by the Evaluator by graphical interpolation of the original data.
Table 2^b  Obtained by averaging where appropriate; σ_n has no statistical significance.

References: (Click a link to see its experimental data associated with the reference)

   1  Andrews, L.J.; Keefer, R.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 3644-77.
   2  Bohon, R.L.; Claussen, W.F., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 1571-8.
   3  Bröllos, K.; Peter, K.; Schneider, G.M., Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 1970, 74, 682-6.
   4  Wauchope, R.D.; Getzen, F.W., J. Chem. Eng. Data 1972, 17(1), 38-41.
   5  Ben-Naim, A.; Wilf, J.; Yaacobi, M., J. Phys. Chem. 1973, 77, 95-102.
   6  Eganhouse, R.P.; Calder, J.A., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1976, 40, 555-61.
   7  Mackay, D.; Shiu, W.Y., J. Chem. Eng. Data. 1977, 22, 399-402.
   8  Banerjee, S.; Yalkowsky, S.H.; Valvani, S.C., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1980, 14, 1227-9.