The 1,2-dichloroethane (1) and water
(2) binary system is treated in two parts; part 1 is 1,2-dichloroethane (1)
in water (2) and part 2 is water (2) in 1,2-dichloroethane (1).
Part 1. The solubility of
1,2-dichloroethane (1) in water (2) has been studied by 38 groups of workers
with reasonably consistent results. However, the experimental work of several
investigators was not used for a variety of reasons. The measured solubility
of Salkowski,1 Palatnik et al.,2 Ababi et al.,3
Coca and Diaz,4 Coca et al.,5 and Warner et
al.6 are markedly higher than the solubility values calculated
from the smoothing equation and are therefore rejected. Similarly, the data
of Chiou et al.7 at 35oC and Howe et al.8
at 30oC are excluded. The data of Sato and Nakijima,9
Leighton and Calo,10 McNally and Grob,11 and Prosyanov
et al.12 are several per cent lower than the smoothed solubility
values and are rejected. Also not used are the data of Baranaev et al.,24
measured at 1 atm total pressure. (The decreasing solubility between 345 and
371 K indicates that the data were determined at a constant pressure.) The temperature
for the separation factors of Bakin53 was not stated so his reported
data are also excluded from the regression analysis.
The remaining data from 27 laboratories were compiled
or used for the smoothing equation. The data analysis was conducted using all
the measurements of Rex,13 Gross,14 Gross and Saylor,15
Doolittle,16 Lichascherstov et al.,17 van Arkel
and Vles,18 McClure,19 McGovern,20 Chitwood,21
Udovenko and Fatkulina,22 Kudryavtseva and Krutikova,23
O'Connell,25 Johnson,26 Svetlanov et al.,27
Antropov et al.,28 Walraevens et al.,29
McConnell et al.,30 Pearson and McConnell,31 Chiou
et al.,7 Earhart et al.,32 Veith et al.,33
Banerjee et al.,34 Takano et al.,35 Barr
and Newsham,36 Howe et al.,8 Bobok et al.,37
and Wright et al.,38 all values within the temperature interval
from 273 to 372 K, to obtain the following mass percent (1) equation:
Solubility [100 w1] = 17.9147 – 0.11684 (T/K)
+ 2.0003 <× 10–4 (T/K)2,
which yielded a standard deviation of 4.62 × 10–2. The recommended solubility
values at 5 K intervals for 1,2-dichloroethane (1) in water (2) are listed in Table 1.
The measurements and the curve obtained
from the smoothing equation are shown in Fig. 21. A solubility minimum calculated
from the above regression equation is 0.853 [100 w1] at 292.06
K. Additional details concerning the solubility minimum for aqueous hydrocarbon
systems are discussed in the Preface.
Part 2. The solubility of
water (2) in 1,2-dichloroethane (1) has been studied by 27 groups of workers
in the temperature interval from 253 to 381 K.
Although all the measurements show
a general increase in solubility with temperature, the extent of the increase
is variable. The data of McClure,19 Ababi et al.,3
and Ödberg and Högfeldt52 are substantially higher than all other
studies and are rejected. The data of Udovenko and Fatkulina,22 Zielinski,39
Chistyakov and Shapurova,40 Sellers,41 and Antropov et
al.28 are markedly lower than the smoothed solubility values
and are also rejected. The solubility calculated from the distribution coefficients
of Prosyanov et al.42 are in very poor agreement, providing
no confidence in their values which are regarded as dubious.
The remaining data, mainly due to
Doolittle,16 Staverman,43 McGovern,20 Davies
et al.,44 Kudryavtseva and Krutikova,23 O'Connell,25
Johnson,26 Johnson et al.,45 Masterton and Gendrano,46
Christian et al.,47 Coca and Diaz,4 Coca et
al.,5 Czapkiewicz et al.,48 Newsham,49
Ohtsuka and Kazama,50 Barr and Newsham,36 Bobok et
al.,37 and Avet'yan et al.51 were compiled
or used for the smoothing equation:
log10 x2 = 1.7624 – 1118.41/(T/K).
This equation represents the combined data values which gives a standard deviation of 3.34 × 10–2 in the temperature range from 253 to 381 K.
The recommended solubility values
at 5 K intervals for water (2) in 1,2-dichloroethane (1) are presented in Table 2.
Measured values and the linear relationship
between the solubility expressed as log10 x2 versus
1/(T/K) are plotted in Fig. 22. This linear relationship is a characteristic
of water solubility in halogenated hydrocarbons. The phenomenon is discussed
in some detail in the Preface.